ASTM C557-03(2009)e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Adhesives for Fastening Gypsum Wallboard to Wood Framing
Standard Specification for Adhesives for Fastening Gypsum Wallboard to Wood Framing
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum performance standards for and properties of adhesives intended to bond the back surface paper of gypsum wallboard to wood framing members. Test requirements and test methods for the adhesive used for the application of all thicknesses of gypsum wallboard are also covered. The specification provides a basis for ensuring the quality of adhesives. Compression shear test, tensile test, gap filling or bridging characteristics test, freeze-thaw stability test, and accelerated adhesive aging shall be performed on the adhesive. The tests are suitable for products performance certification and quality control programs and can be useful the general public, adhesive manufacturers, distributors, specifiers, architects, contractors, testing laboratories and other businesses and professionals.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification includes properties and covers minimum performance standards for adhesives intended to bond the back surface paper of gypsum wallboard to wood framing members.
1.2 This specification also covers test requirements and test methods for the adhesive used for the application of all thicknesses of gypsum wallboard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C557 −03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Adhesives for Fastening Gypsum Wallboard to Wood
Framing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in November 2009.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this specification are de-
1.1 This specification includes properties and covers mini-
fined in Terminology D907.
mumperformancestandardsforadhesivesintendedtobondthe
back surface paper of gypsum wallboard to wood framing
4. Significance and Use
members.
4.1 The specification applies to adhesives for bonding the
1.2 This specification also covers test requirements and test
back surface paper of gypsum wallboard of any thickness to
methods for the adhesive used for the application of all
wood-framing members.
thicknesses of gypsum wallboard.
4.2 This specification provides a basis for ensuring the
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
quality of the adhesives.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.3 Although the bonds rendered by these adhesives shall
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
have enough strength by themselves to maintain the bond
and are not considered standard.
betweenadherends,theyarenotintendedasasubstituteforthe
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
common practice of using mechanical fasteners to maximize
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
integrity of drywall-wood-framing structures.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.4 The tests are suitable for products performance certifi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cation and quality control programs and can be useful to the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
generalpublic,adhesivemanufacturers,distributors,specifiers,
architects,contractors,testinglaboratoriesandotherbusinesses
2. Referenced Documents
and professionals
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.5 Theresultsdonotincludeallpossibleconditions,which
C1396/C1396MSpecification for Gypsum Board
may occur during final assembly, but indicate a set of perfor-
D905Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
mance characteristics for laboratory controlled bonding vari-
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
ables.
D907Terminology of Adhesives
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
5. Adhesive Physical Property Requirements
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
5.1 Adhesives—The adhesives shall be uniform, homoge-
ASTM Test Methods
neous mixtures of elastomeric polymers or viscoelastic resins,
or both, free of lumps or foreign matter.
5.1.1 Workability—When applied to the framing member
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
with a caulking gun or notched trowel, or both, in accordance
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on Construction
with the manufacturer’s instructions, the adhesive shall exhibit
Adhesives.
a consistency capable of ensuring non-sagging properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
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5.1.2 Open Time—The adhesive shall have an open assem-
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C557–03 . DOI:
10.1520/C0557-03R09E01.
bly time of between 10 to 20 min to give the user sufficient
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
time to apply and, if necessary, reposition the gypsum wall-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
board at ambient temperatures, ranging from 40 to 100°F (4 to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 38°C).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C557−03 (2009)
5.1.3 Storage Life—The adhesive shall remain serviceable 8.5 Spacers—No. 20 gauge (American Standard or B&S)
and meet all the requirements of this specification for not less bronze or brass wire ⁄32-in. (0.8-mm) diameter.
than six months after delivery, when stored in original un-
8.6 Trowels—Plastic or metal with ⁄16-in. (4.76-mm) deep
opened containers at temperatures ranging from 40 to 85°F (4
V-notches.
to 30°C).
8.7 Compression Shear Test Fixture—A compression-shear
6. Adhesive Performance Property Requirements
apparatusthatissimilarto,butofalargerscalethanthefixture
recommendedinTestMethodD905.Asimilarfixtureisshown
6.1 The adhesives shall conform to the requirements sum-
in Fig. 1.
marized in Table 1.
8.8 Tensile Test Fixture—An assembly of one 5 by 5 by
7. Sampling
1 1
⁄2-in. (127 by 127 by 12.7-mm) thick steel plate and two 1 ⁄2
1 1
7.1 The test adhesive sample size of 1 qt (approximately 1
by 1 ⁄2-in. by ⁄4-in. thick by 6-in. long (38.1 by 38.1 by
L) is a minimum amount to complete one full series of testing. 6.4-mmthickby152-mmlong)steelanglesections.SeeFig.2.
The sample is to be handled and stored according to the
8.9 Scaffold Nails—6d, common, double-head, smooth
manufacturers recommendations. For qualification testing, the
shaft, 0.113-in. (2.87-mm) diameter, 2 in. (51 mm) long.
sample is to be representative of the final product for which
8.10 Testing Machine—Any suitable testing machine that is
recognition is sought.
capable of operation at a constant rate of motion of the
8. Materials and Apparatus for Conducting Tests
moveableheadandhasaforcemeasurementaccuracyof 61%
when calibrated in accordance with Practices E4.
8.1 Gypsum Wallboard— ⁄2-in. (12.7-mm) thick, complying
with Specification C1396/C1396M; the dimensions are speci-
8.11 Wood Screw with Eyelet—#6 by 1 ⁄2-in. (38.1-mm)
fied in each test. 3
long, with a ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) inside diameter eyelet.
5 19
8.2 Plywood— ⁄8-in. (15.9-mm) or ⁄32-in (15.1-mm) U.S.
5 19
8.12 Plywood Shim— ⁄8-in. (15.9-mm) or ⁄32-in. (15.1-
Product Standard PS-1-95 grade marked stamped commercial 1
mm) thick plywood with dimensions of 4 by 3 ⁄2 in. (101.6 by
plywood, Group 1 Species, exterior glue, or sanded exterior
88.9-mm) for shear test specimens and 4 by 4 in. (101.6 by
grade plywood, underlayment type, with A grade face ply for
101.6-mm) for tensile test specimens.
the adhesion surface.
9. Conditioning of Materials and Specimens (Standard
8.3 Douglas-fir Dimension Lumber—Nominal 2 by 4, 1 ⁄2
1 1
by 1 ⁄2 by 3 ⁄2-in. (38.0 by 38.0 by 89.0 mm); No. 1, Conditions)
straight-grained, and knot-free; the dimensions are specified in
9.1 Condition the gypsum wallboard, plywood, and
each test.
Douglas-fir, lumber to a constant weight at 73 6 2°F (23 6
8.4 Polyvinyl Acetate Adhesive—Any commercially avail- 1°C) and 50 6 5% relative humidity, unless specified other-
able product. wise.
TABLE 1 Adhesive Properties and Performance Requirements
Reference
Test Method Property Condition Requirements
Number
Rate of shear strength development 10.1.4 shear strength 24 h at Std. Cond. 10 psi (69 kPa) min
10.1.5 shear strength 14 days at Std. Cond. 40 psi (276 kPa) min
10.1.6 shear strength 14 days at Std. Cond., + cyclic 32 psi (220 kPa) min
lab exposure, + 2 days at
Std. Cond.
10.1.7 shear strength (a) 178 N (40 lbf) for 24 h at no bond separation
Std. Cond.
(b) 89 N (20 lbf) for 24 h at no bond separation
100°F
Rate of tensile strength development 10.2.3 tensile strength 24 h at Std. Cond. 15 psi (103 kPa) min
10.2.4 tensile strength 14 days at Std. Cond. 25 psi (172 kPa) min
Adhesive open-time determination 10.3 open-time 24 h at Std. Cond. 75 % paper transfer, min
Substrate wet-out by adhesive
1. Plywood 10.4.1 wet-out spatula applied good wetting property
2. Wallboard 10.4.2 wet-out spatula applied good wetting property
Bridging 10.5 gap filling 48 h at Std. Cond. adhesive bond line is maintained -
report paper failure %
Accelerated adhesive aging 10.6 accelerated aging 500 h at 70°C (158°F) no fracture into separate pieces
Freeze-thaw stability † 10.7 low-temperature storage 3 cycles of: no change in workability; 10 psi
24 h at -17°C (0°F) + 24 h at (69 kPa) shear strength, min
Std. Cond.
Suitability as a laminating adhesive for vinyl- 10.8.1 compatibility 24 h at 38°C (100°F) no blistering, vinyl-film discoloration,
covered wallboard or bond failure
10.8.2 staining 1 h at Std. Cond. no swelling or discoloration
† Corrected editorially.
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C557−03 (2009)
FIG. 1Shear Strength Test Specimen in Text Fixture
FIG. 2Tensile Strength Specimen in Text Fixture
9.2 Subjectalltestadhesivesandtestspecimenstostandard 10. Test Methods
conditioning for time period indicated at 73 6 2°F (23 6 1°C)
10.1 Shear Strength (Rate-of-Shear Strength Development):
and 50 6 5% relative humidity unless specified otherwise.
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C557−03 (2009)
10.1.1 Preparation of Gypsum Wallboard-Plywood 10.1.2.5 Immediately following assembly, compress each
Laminates—Eachlaminateisconstructedbybondingapieceof test specimen under a uniformly distributed load of 15 lb (67
1 1 1
4by3 ⁄2 by ⁄2-in. thick (102 by 89 by 12.7-mm) gypsum N) for a period of 3 to 3- ⁄2 min.
5 1
wallboard front paper surface paper to a ⁄8-in. (15.9 mm) or 10.1.2.6 After the 3 to 3- ⁄2 min period, remove the load,
⁄32-in.(15.1-mm)plywoodshimofthesamedimensionswith withdraw the spacers, wipe the excess adhesive from the
a commercially available PVA adhesive. The plywood rein- bonded edges with a square-edged spatula taking care not to
forces the gypsum wallboard to prevent fracture before the disturb the alignment of the bonded pieces.
ultimate shear load can be achieved. The grain of the gypsum 10.1.3 ShearStrengthDetermination—Aftercompletingthe
wallboard back surface paper is parallel with the 3 ⁄2-in. appropriate conditioning, test the specimen in shear using a
(89-mm) direction. compression-shear test fixture as shown in Fig. 1. The bottom
10.1.2 Preparation of Shear Strength Test Specimens— edge of the wallboard-plywood laminate rests on self-aligning
Prepare the number of test specimens indicated in 10.1.4 – seat as the test loading is simultaneously applied to the top
10.1.7 by bondinga4by3 ⁄2 in. (102 by 89-mm) piece edge of the single plywood. The stress applied is parallel and
plywood to the previously prepared wallboard-plywood lami- uniformly distributed to the bond line shear plane and requires
nate as follows: careful orientation using shims and self-aligning apparatus as
10.1.2.1 Spread the test adhesive onto the plywood bonding necessary.Determinetheshearstrengthatacrossheadspeedof
surface with a trowel having ⁄16-in. (4.8-mm) deep V-notches 0.50-in/min (12.7-mm/min). Observations are made during
so that the adhesive ridges are parallel to the grain of wood. stress application to ensure the test assembly maintains proper
Duringapplicationholdthetrowelatanapproximate90°angle alignment and the fixture operates without binding or friction
to the receiving surface. throughout the test. Record the maximum shear strength and
10.1.2.2 Insert six wire spacers No. 20 gauge at least 2-in. theaverageshearstrengthforthe24h,14–day,cycleexposure,
(51.0-mm) long in the joint 1-in. 6 ⁄16-in. (25.4 6 1.6-mm). and static load test conditions.
Position the spacers so that one is on the centerline of the 10.1.4 Shear Strength After 24 h:
bonded area (perpendicular to the ridges), and the others are 10.1.4.1 Prepare five test assemblies using the procedure in
1-in.(25.4-mm)awayfromthecenterspacersandparalleltoit. 10.1.1 and 10.1.2.
10.1.2.3 Allow an open time of 30 s 6 5 s upon completion 10.1.4.2 After aging the assemblies 24 h 6 1 h at standard
of spreading. condition (9.1), determine the shear strength in accordance
10.1.2.4 Squarely position the gypsum wallboard-plywood with 10.1.3.
laminate back surface paper onto the adhesive coated plywood 10.1.5 Shear Strength After 14 Days:
1 1
with the overlapping 2 ⁄2 6 ⁄16-in. (63.5 6 1.6-mm), thus 10.1.5.1 Preparefivetestassembliessusingtheprocedurein
2 2
forming the 10-in. (64.5-cm ) bonded area. See Fig. 3. 10.1.1 to 10.1.2.
FIG. 3Shear Strength Test Specimen Assembly
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C557−03 (2009)
10.1.5.2 After aging the assemblies 14 days at standard all sides when the bond area is compressed to a line thickness
condition (9.1), determine the shear strength in accordance of approximately ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm).
with 10.1.3. 10.2.1.3 Insertandpositiontwowirespacers,No.20gauge,
10.1.6 Shear Strength After Cyclic Exposure: at least 3 in. (76 mm) long into the bonded area with the
10.1.6.1 Prepare five test assemblies using the procedure in spacerspositioned ⁄4in.(6.3mm)fromeachedgeofthewood
10.1.1 and 10.1.2. block.
10.1.6.2 After aging the assemblies 14 days at standard 10.2.1.4 Compress the bonded area of each tensile test
condition (9.1), process the assemblies through four complete specimen immediately under a load of 5 lb 6 0.1 lb (22 N) for
cycles (see Table 2). Store the assemblies at standard condi- 3 min.
tions (9.1) for 24 h after each cycle. 10.2.1.5 Removetheweightandnextthespacers.Scrapeall
10.1.6.3 At the end of the cycling, condition the test excess adhesive away from edges using a square-tipped
specimens for 2 days in standard conditions and determine the spatula, taking care to avoid disturbing the alignment. See Fig.
shear strength in accordance with 10.1.3. 4.
10.1.7 Shear Strength for Static Load: 10.2.2 Tensile-Strength Determination—Determine the ten-
10.1.7.1 Prepare ten assemblies using the procedure in sile strength of the adhesive on a testing machine capable of
10.1.1 and 10.1.2.
providing loading at a rate of 60 lbf (267 N)/min. Position the
10.1.7.2 Condition the shear test specimens 14 days at tensiletestspecimenwiththeDouglas-firwoodblockcentered
standard conditions.
between the angles. Refer to Fig. 2. The tensile test fixture is
10.1.7.3 Subject five shear test specimens to a static load of mounted to a permanent base and includes self-alignment
40 lbf (178 N) at 73 6 2°F (23 6 1°C) and five shear test
features to ensure the stress application is perpendicular to the
specimens to 20 lbf (89 N) at 100.2 6 2.0°F (38 6 1°C) for a joint until failure. Connect the tensile test specimen to the test
period of 24 h. When testing, the wallboard/plyw
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