ASTM D3744-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Aggregate Durability Index
Standard Test Method for Aggregate Durability Index
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method assigns an empirical value to the relative amount, fineness, and character of clay-like material that may be generated in an aggregate when subjected to mechanical degradation.
The procedure has been used in limited geographical areas of the United States and the results have been correlated with aggregate performance in various construction applications, including: aggregate base, permeable material for backfill, fine concrete aggregate, and riprap for rock slope protection.6 ,7
A minimum durability index is permitted to be specified to prohibit the use of an aggregate in various construction applications that is prone to degradation, resulting in generation of clay-like fines.
This test method provides a rapid test for evaluation of the quality of a new aggregate source. Research has indicated it may also be suitable for use instead of the sodium sulfate soundness test for evaluating the durability characteristics of fine aggregate for use in portland-cement concrete, thereby reducing the need for time-consuming and expensive soundness tests.6
Although the application of this method has been limited to aggregates for specific construction uses, the possibility exists for expanding the application of this method to control the quality of aggregates used in other areas of construction, such as aggregates for use in bituminous paving mixtures, coarse aggregate for use in portland-cement concrete, and aggregate for use as railroad ballast.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a durability index of an aggregate. The calculated durability index is a value indicating the relative resistance of an aggregate to production of detrimental clay-like fines when subjected to the prescribed mechanical methods of degradation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D3744 – 03
Standard Test Method for
1
Aggregate Durability Index
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3744; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope transportation facilities. Basically, the test establishes an ag-
gregate’s resistance to generating fines when agitated in the
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofadurability
presence of water. Separate and different test procedures are
index of an aggregate. The calculated durability index is a
used to evaluate the coarse and the fine portions of a material.
value indicating the relative resistance of an aggregate to
3.2 A sample of coarse aggregate is prepared to a specific
production of detrimental clay-like fines when subjected to the
grading and then washed in a mechanical washing vessel for a
prescribed mechanical methods of degradation.
2-min agitation time.After discarding the minus 4.75-mm (No.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4) material, dry the washed test sample.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.3 The coarse aggregate test sample is then agitated in the
only.
mechanical washing vessel for a period of 10 min.Arepresen-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tative portion of the resulting wash water and minus 75-µm
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(No. 200) size fines is collected and mixed with a stock
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
calcium chloride solution and placed in a plastic cylinder.After
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a 20-min sedimentation time, the level of the sediment column
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is read. The height of the sediment value is then used to
2. Referenced Documents calculate the durability index of the coarse aggregate (D ).
c
2
3.4 The fine aggregate sample is prepared by washing a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specific quantity of the material in the mechanical washing
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
3
vessel for a 2-min agitation period.All minus 75-µm (No. 200)
Aggregates
3
size material is washed from the sample through a 75-µm (No.
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
200) sieve and discarded. The plus 75-µm (No. 200) fraction is
D2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and
4
dried.
Fine Aggregate
3.5 The fine aggregate test sample is tested by the Standard
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying
Sand Equivalent Test Method (Test Method D2419) except for
Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
5
modifications to the test sample preparation and duration of the
Construction Materials Testing
shaking time. The mechanical shaker method is required. A
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
shaking time of 10 min instead of 45 s is used.
Sieves
3.6 This test method includes procedures for testing aggre-
3. Summary of Test Method
gates exhibiting a wide range in specific gravity, including
lightweight and porous coarse aggregates, and also procedures
3.1 This test method was developed to permit prequalifica-
for testing small maximum size aggregate which is too fine to
tion of aggregates proposed for use in the construction of
test as a coarse aggregate and too coarse to consider as a fine
aggregate, such as a pea gravel or a very coarse sand.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
3.7 Thedurabilityindexforcoarseaggregate(D )orforfine
c
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on
aggregate (D) is calculated, as applicable, by appropriate
f
Aggregate Tests.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally equations presented in the method. The durability index of a
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D3744 – 97. DOI:
well-gradedaggregatecontainingbothcoarseandfinefractions
10.1520/D3744-03.
is defined as the lowest of the two values,D orD, obtained by
2
c f
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
the test. This value is recommended to be the controlling value
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
for specification purposes.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D3744 – 03
4. Significance and Use shall be 0.25 to 1.02 mm (0.001 to 0.004 in.). Fig. 2 shows a
Tyler portable sieve s
...
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