ASTM F1210-89(1999)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oilspill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oilspill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oilspill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socio-economic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of dispersants is given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. It is not considered as a "last resort" after all other methods have failed.
1.3 This is a general guide only. It assumes the oil to be dispersible and the dispersant to be effective, available, applied correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regulations. In the assessment of environmental sensitivity, it is assumed that the dispersant is nonpersistent in the natural environment. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered.
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts) and to clean them after a spill takes place.
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F1210–89(Reapproved 1999)
Standard Guide for
Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oilspill
Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments,
Lakes and Large Water Bodies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Significance and Use
1.1 This guide covers the use of oilspill dispersants to assist 2.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional response
in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill
minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is events.
the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic 2.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circum-
and socio-economic factors are not considered, although these stance.
and other factors are often important in spill response.
3. Environment Covered—Lakes and Large Water
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control
Bodies
or clean up spilled oil. In this guide, the use of dispersants is
given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. It 3.1 Lakes and large water bodies are major fresh water
featuresthatareasignificantpartofmajorwatersystems.They
is not considered as a “last resort” after all other methods have
failed. have a dynamic near shore ecology, and a wide mixture of
animal and plants species. In northern regions, these water
1.3 This is a general guide only. It assumes the oil to be
dispersible and the dispersant to be effective, available, applied bodies may be partly or completely ice covered during part of
the year but will not freeze to the bottom. Commercially
correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regula-
tions. In the assessment of environmental sensitivity, it is important fishing and recreational activities are frequently
associated with these water bodies.
assumed that the dispersant is nonpersistent in the natural
environment. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and 3.2 While most of these bodies are naturally occurring and
exist during the most year, some may be man-made.
refined petroleum products. Differences between individual
dispersants or between different oil products are not consid- 3.3 The characteristics of these water bodies are:
ered. a) Open water area greater than 10 hectares,
b) Water depths in excess of 1.5 m,
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example,
small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It c) Soft or hard bottom with a low organic content except in
shallow water areas,
considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats
from impact (or to minimize impacts) and to clean them after d) Acidic water in some areas especially near industrial
regions,
a spill takes place.
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland e) A well defined inlet or outlet, or both, and
f) A well defined shoreline of varied characteristics such as
environments. It does not consider the direct application of
dispersants to subsurface waters. sand beaches and rocky headlands similar to marine environ-
ments. Some parts of the shore may be similar to those in
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate govern-
ment authorities should be consulted as required by law. ponds and sloughs.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Background
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The effects of oil and dispersed oil on these aquatic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
environments have been the subject of numerous studies. The
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
studies have involved both intentional experimental spills and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
studies undertaken during actual spill situations (1-3).
4.2 Therehavebeenanumberofstudiesontheimpactofoil
and oil/dispersant mixtures on microbiological systems (4-10).
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F20.13 on Treatment. The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
Current edition approved Feb. 24, 1989. Published April 1989. this guide.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1210
4.3 The principal biotic components of such water bodies a significant threat to indigenous wildlife or its habitat. In
are a variety of fauna and flora. The aquatic flora include evaluating the potential for dispersant use, consideration
bacteria, algae, (planktonic and attached), and floating or
should be given to the alternatives of leaving the oil untreated
submerged vascular plants. Terrestrial flora include grasses,
or the use of mechanical recovery equipment. In many cases, a
moss, lichens, herbs, forbs, and woody plants. In deep water
spill response operation can cause serious damage to a lake or
areas, there is little vegetation except for bacteria and algae.
large water body habitat, or a disruption of nesting and
4.4 The fauna include invertebrates, (zooplankton, mol-
breeding activities.
luscs, crustaceans, worms, and other similar species), fish, a
6.2 Since la
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