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ASTM D2646-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings

Standard Test Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because information about between interlaboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use test samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in the disparate results during initial testing, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the laboratories should be compared using statistical test for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
These test methods are useful to evaluate quality and cost control during the manufacture of pile yarn floor covering.
The significance and uses of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures listed as follows for testing woven, knitted and nonwoven backing fabrics designed for use in the manufacture of pile yarn floor coverings. The procedures appear in the following order:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in inch-pound units are provided as information only and are not exact equivalents. In case of referee decisions, the SI units will prevail.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2005
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.21 - Pile Floor Coverings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2646-02 - Standard Test Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6719-22e1 - Standard Guide for Standard Test Methods and Practices for Evaluating Pile Yarn Floor Covering
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5684-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7983-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Carpet Backing Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005

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ASTM D2646-05 - Standard Test Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor CoveringsASTM D2646-05 - Standard Test Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
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ASTM D2646-05 - Standard Test Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2646–05
Standard Test Methods for
1
Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2646; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick)
Count of Woven Fabrics
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures listed as
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
follows for testing woven, knitted and nonwoven backing
Fabric
fabrics designed for use in the manufacture of pile yarn floor
D3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven and
coverings. The procedures appear in the following order:
Knitted Fabrics
Section
D3887 Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics
Bow and Skewness of Woven Fabrics 8
D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation
Breaking Force of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics 15
of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
Breaking Force After Tufting of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics 16
D5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
Extractable Matter 9
Fabric Count of Woven Fabrics 12
Fabric Count of Knitted Fabrics 13
3. Terminology
Length of Woven Fabrics 11
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,
Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Woven Fabrics 14
Shrinkage—Hot Wet Method 17
D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.
Shrinkage—Hot Dry Method 18
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
Width of Woven Fabrics 10
backing fabric, carpet, dents per unit width, extractable matter,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
finished, finished pile yarn floor covering, floor covering,
standard. The values in inch-pound units are provided as
nonwoven fabric, pile, pile yarn floor covering, shrinkage,
information only and are not exact equivalents. In case of
textile floor covering, tufted fabric, wale, wires per unit width.
referee decisions, the SI units will prevail.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Terminology D123.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Methods, General
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Asummary of the directions prescribed for the determi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
nationofspecificpropertiesisstatedintheappropriatesections
of specific test methods.
2. Referenced Documents
2
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.1 These test methods may be used for acceptance testing
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
information about between interlaboratory precision is incom-
D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
plete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on statistical bias between them using competent statistical assis-
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor
tance. As a minimum, use test samples for such comparative
Coverings.
teststhatareashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthesame
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originally
lot of material as the samples that resulted in the disparate
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2646 – 02. DOI:
10.1520/D2646-05.
results during initial testing, and that are randomly assigned in
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
from the laboratories should be compared using statistical test
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2646–05
testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found choice of the test options of measurement in determining width
and corrected, or future test results
...

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SCOPE
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1.2.1 Throughout this document, there will be some instances in which the units do not convert 1:1. This is to acknowledge that this is a global document and that different parts of the world use different units of measurement. Organizations using the metric system wil report the count per 1 cm. Organizations using the English system will report the count per 1 in.  
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4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven high stretch fabrics used in apparel should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification. (A) See Note 3.  
4.2 It is recognized that, for purposes of fashion or aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to all of the requirements listed in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.  
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Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
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1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
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    English language
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