ASTM D4308-13

Standard Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The generation and dissipation of electrostatic charge in fuel due to handling depend largely on the ionic species present which may be characterized by the rest or equilibrium electrical conductivity. The time for static charge to dissipate is inversely related to conductivity. This test method can supplement Test Method D2624 which is limited to fuels containing static dissipator additive.Note 1—For low-conductivity fluids below 1 pS/m in conductivity, an ac measurement technique is preferable to a dc test method for sensing the electrical conductivity of bulk fluid. This dc test method can be used at conductivities from 0.1 to 1 pS/m if precautions are observed in cell cleaning and sample handling. A waiting period of 15 min is required after filling the cell before measuring dc conductivities below 1 pS/m. A single-laboratory program was conducted comparing this test method with ac Test Methods D150.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and applies to the determination of the “rest” electrical conductivity of aviation fuels and other similar low-conductivity hydrocarbon liquids in the range from 0.1 to 2000 pS/m (see 3.1.2). This test method can be used in the laboratory or in the field.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1.1, 7.2, 8.3, and Annex A1.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-2013
• ICS: 71.080.01 - Organic chemicals in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.J0.04 - Additives and Electrical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4308 − 13 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision
1
Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4308; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviation
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversandappliestothedetermination
and Distillate Fuels
of the “rest” electrical conductivity of aviation fuels and other
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
similarlow-conductivityhydrocarbonliquidsintherangefrom
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
0.1 to 2000 pS/m (see 3.1.2). This test method can be used in
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
the laboratory or in the field.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions:
standard.
3.1.1 picosiemens per metre, n—the unit of electrical con-
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
ductivity is also called a conductivity unit (CU). A siemen is
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
the SI definition of reciprocal ohm sometimes called mho.
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
212 21 21
1 pS/m 5 1 310 Ω m 51cu 5 1 picomho/m (1)
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
3.1.2 rest conductivity, n—the reciprocal of the resistance of
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
uncharged fuel in the absence of ionic depletion or polariza-
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
tion. It is the electrical conductivity at the initial instant of
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
current measurement after a dc voltage is impressed between
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
electrodes.
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
4. Summary of Test Method
may be prohibited by law.
4.1 A sample of liquid hydrocarbon is introduced into a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cleanconductivitycellwhichisconnectedinseriestoabattery
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
voltage source and a sensitive dc ammeter. The conductivity,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
automatically calculated from the observed peak current read-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ing dc voltage and cell constant using Ohm’s law, appears as a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
digital value in either a manual or automatic mode of meter
warning statements, see 7.1.1, 7.2, 8.3, and Annex A1.
operation.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 The generation and dissipation of electrostatic charge in
D150 Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
fuelduetohandlingdependlargelyontheionicspeciespresent
which may be characterized by the rest or equilibrium electri-
cal conductivity. The time for static charge to dissipate is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
inversely related to conductivity. This test method can supple-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
ment Test Method D2624 which is limited to fuels containing
Subcommittee D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.
Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally static dissipator additive.
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4308 – 12. DOI:
NOTE 1—For low-conductivity fluids below 1 pS/m in conductivity, an
10.1520/D4308-13.
2
acmeasurementtechniqueispreferabletoadctestmethodforsensingthe
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
electrical conductivity of bulk fluid. This dc test method can be used at
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on conductivities from 0.1 to 1 pS/m if precautions are observed in cell
the ASTM website. cleaningandsamplehandling.Awaitingperiodof15minisrequiredafter
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

-------
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4308 − 12 D4308 − 13 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision
1
Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4308; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers and applies to the determination of the “rest” electrical conductivity of aviation fuels and other
similar low-conductivity hydrocarbon liquids in the range from 0.1 to 2000 pS/m (see 3.1.2). This test method can be used in the
laboratory or in the field.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1.1, 7.2, 8.3, and Annex A1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 picosiemens per metre, n—the unit of electrical conductivity is also called a conductivity unit (CU). A siemen is the SI
definition of reciprocal ohm sometimes called mho.
212 21 21
1 pS/m5 1310 Ω m 5 1 cu 5 1 picomho/m (1)
3.1.2 rest conductivity, n—the reciprocal of the resistance of uncharged fuel in the absence of ionic depletion or polarization.
It is the electrical conductivity at the initial instant of current measurement after a dc voltage is impressed between electrodes.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A sample of liquid hydrocarbon is introduced into a clean conductivity cell which is connected in series to a battery voltage
source and a sensitive dc ammeter. The conductivity, automatically calculated from the observed peak current reading dc voltage
and cell constant using Ohm’s law, appears as a digital value in either a manual or automatic mode of meter operation.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0.04
on Additives and Electrical Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012June 15, 2013. Published March 2013July 2013. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20102012 as
D4308D4308 – 12.–10. DOI: 10.1520/D4308-12.10.1520/D4308-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4308 − 13
FIG. 1 Precision Conductivity Meter
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The generation and dissipation of electrostatic charge in fuel due to handling depend largely on the ionic species present
which may be characterized by the rest or equilibrium electrical conductivity. The time for static charge to dissipate is inversely
related to conductivity. This test
...