ASTM E88-11(2017)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition
Standard Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for Halon 1301, or halogenated hydrocarbon compound Bromotrifluoromethane (CF3Br) as a fire-fighting medium. The fire-fighting equipment or hardware that employs Halon 1301, the conditions of employing such equipment (for example, handhelds, fixed installations, etc.), and the storage or transportation of Halon 1301, are not addressed in this specification. The material shall be tested for purity, methanol impurity, acidity, water content, halogen ion content, nonvolatile residue, suspended matter and sediment, and fixed or nonabsorbable gases in the vapor phase.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1) of nonferrous metals and alloys, excluding aluminum, in cast form for remelting or mechanical working.
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.
Note 1: The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.
1.2 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat sample and analysis may be accepted as representative of the composition of the metal. In such cases, each lot must be properly identified with the heats from which it was made.
1.3 This practice is intended to cover the general principles of sampling applicable to nonferrous metals in cast form and is not intended to supersede or replace existing specification requirements for sampling of a particular material.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Aug-2017
- Technical Committee
- E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2020
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2019
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2015
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2015
- Effective Date
- 15-Aug-2014
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2014
- Effective Date
- 15-Feb-2014
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Sep-2011
- Effective Date
- 15-Jun-2011
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2010
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2010
Overview
ASTM E88-11(2017), Standard Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition, provides essential guidelines for the proper sampling of nonferrous metals and alloys, excluding aluminum, in various cast forms. Developed by ASTM International, this standard ensures that sampled material accurately represents the average chemical composition of the entire batch, which is critical for quality control, regulatory compliance, and reliable analytical results in metallurgy and manufacturing industries.
Key Topics
- Scope and Application: The practice details methods for sampling nonferrous metals and alloys (other than aluminum) in cast states such as ingots, slabs, billets, and cakes, intended for remelting or mechanical processing.
- Sampling Procedures: Guidance is provided for selecting representative portions, preparing samples, and recommended sampling techniques such as drilling, milling, sawing, and, for difficult-to-machine materials, crushing and screening.
- Sample Preparation:
- Cleaning tools and materials before sampling to prevent contamination.
- Techniques for collecting drillings, millings, or sawings.
- Recommended steps to avoid oxidation, contamination, or alteration of the sample’s composition.
- Sample Handling and Storage:
- Packaging and sealing samples for the seller, buyer, and umpire.
- Storage recommendations to minimize oxidation and contamination.
- Quality Assurance:
- Procedures for resampling in cases of dispute.
- Reference to applicable safety and health practices the user must establish.
- Representative Sampling: Emphasizes the necessity for each portion selected to reflect the average composition of the entire lot, underscoring the importance of sample homogeneity in analytical chemistry.
Applications
ASTM E88-11(2017) is widely applied in the following contexts:
- Metal Production and Remelting: Ensures accurate compositional data for nonferrous cast metals before further processing, promoting compliance with technical and commercial requirements.
- Manufacturing Quality Control: Used by manufacturers of nonferrous alloy products to validate that input materials meet required specifications.
- Procurement and Trade: Forms the basis of contract acceptance between buyers and sellers, particularly when quality claims or disputes arise over chemical composition.
- Laboratory Analysis: Provides standardized sampling protocols for analytical laboratories performing chemical composition tests on nonferrous cast metals.
- Regulatory Compliance: Supports conformance to international trade and safety standards, in line with World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee principles.
Benefits include:
- Improved representativeness and reliability of chemical analyses
- Reduced risk of contamination or compositional deviation during sampling
- Streamlined process for dispute resolution through resampling protocols
Related Standards
For comprehensive results, ASTM E88-11(2017) should be used in conjunction with related standards, including:
- ASTM E135: Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
- ASTM E255: For specific guidance on sampling copper and copper alloys
- Industry-specific or material-specific standards that may define additional sampling or testing requirements
Conclusion
Implementing ASTM E88-11(2017) enhances quality assurance and traceability in the sampling of nonferrous metals and alloys in cast form. Adhering to these practices ensures analytical results accurately represent the original material, supports regulatory compliance, and strengthens business trust across the metals supply chain. For best results, always combine this practice with applicable material and process-specific ASTM standards.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM E88-11(2017) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers the requirements for Halon 1301, or halogenated hydrocarbon compound Bromotrifluoromethane (CF3Br) as a fire-fighting medium. The fire-fighting equipment or hardware that employs Halon 1301, the conditions of employing such equipment (for example, handhelds, fixed installations, etc.), and the storage or transportation of Halon 1301, are not addressed in this specification. The material shall be tested for purity, methanol impurity, acidity, water content, halogen ion content, nonvolatile residue, suspended matter and sediment, and fixed or nonabsorbable gases in the vapor phase. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1) of nonferrous metals and alloys, excluding aluminum, in cast form for remelting or mechanical working. 1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys. Note 1: The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected. 1.2 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat sample and analysis may be accepted as representative of the composition of the metal. In such cases, each lot must be properly identified with the heats from which it was made. 1.3 This practice is intended to cover the general principles of sampling applicable to nonferrous metals in cast form and is not intended to supersede or replace existing specification requirements for sampling of a particular material. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification covers the requirements for Halon 1301, or halogenated hydrocarbon compound Bromotrifluoromethane (CF3Br) as a fire-fighting medium. The fire-fighting equipment or hardware that employs Halon 1301, the conditions of employing such equipment (for example, handhelds, fixed installations, etc.), and the storage or transportation of Halon 1301, are not addressed in this specification. The material shall be tested for purity, methanol impurity, acidity, water content, halogen ion content, nonvolatile residue, suspended matter and sediment, and fixed or nonabsorbable gases in the vapor phase. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1) of nonferrous metals and alloys, excluding aluminum, in cast form for remelting or mechanical working. 1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys. Note 1: The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected. 1.2 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat sample and analysis may be accepted as representative of the composition of the metal. In such cases, each lot must be properly identified with the heats from which it was made. 1.3 This practice is intended to cover the general principles of sampling applicable to nonferrous metals in cast form and is not intended to supersede or replace existing specification requirements for sampling of a particular material. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E88-11(2017) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM E88-11(2017) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM E88-11, ASTM E135-20, ASTM E135-19, ASTM E135-16, ASTM E135-15a, ASTM E135-15, ASTM E135-14b, ASTM E135-14a, ASTM E135-14, ASTM E135-13a, ASTM E135-11b, ASTM E135-11a, ASTM E135-11, ASTM E135-10b, ASTM E135-10. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM E88-11(2017) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E88 − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for
Determination of Chemical Composition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E88; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination
of chemical composition (Note 1) of nonferrous metals and
2. Referenced Documents
alloys, excluding aluminum, in cast form for remelting or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mechanical working.
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
NOTE 1—The selection of correct portions of material and the prepa- E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for
ration of a representative sample from such portions are necessary
the Determination of Chemical Composition
prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the
sample actually represents the average composition of the material from 3. Terminology
which it was selected.
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
1.2 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the
Terminology E135.
manufacturer, the heat sample and analysis may be accepted as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
representative of the composition of the metal. In such cases,
3.2.1 portion, n—the term “portion” is used in this practice
each lot must be properly identified with the heats from which
to designate the selected ingots, slabs, etc., from which the
it was made.
sample is prepared.
1.3 This practice is intended to cover the general principles
3.2.2 sample, n—the term “sample” is used in this practice
of sampling applicable to nonferrous metals in cast form and is
to designate the final form of the material submitted for
not intended to supersede or replace existing specification
analysis (drillings, millings, etc.).Arepresentative sample may
requirements for sampling of a particular material.
best be defined as a small part containing the same components
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
in the same proportions as they occur in the relatively large
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
mass of the original lot or lots of material.
only.
4. Selection of Portion
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Aportionrepresentativeofthetotalshipmentorlotshall
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
be taken for sampling. This portion shall be so selected that a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
minimum wastage of material is incurred, consistent with the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
required accuracy in sampling.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 The number of ingots, slabs, etc., selected to constitute
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
this portion shall comply with the requirements of the ASTM
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specifications covering that particular material.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Preparation of Sample
5.1 Machinable materials shall be sampled by drilling,
milling, or sawing. Materials that are too difficult to machine
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
may be ground or crushed.
Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.05 on Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sn, Be, Precious Metals, theirAlloys, and
Related Metals. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E88 – 11. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0088-11R17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E88 − 11 (2017)
5.2 Machinable materials in form of bar, billet, ingot, slab, sample during contact. Lubricants should be completely re-
cake, etc., shall be sampled by drilling five holes approxi- moved as soon as possible after the sampling operation by the
mately 1.27 cm ( ⁄2 in.) in diameter at points equally spaced use of sui
...
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