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ASTM D441-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal

Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a measure of the resistance of the coal to breakage upon impact and abrasion as the coal rubs together and against the walls of the transportation vehicle.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative friability of a particular size of sized coal. It affords a means of measuring the liability of coal to break into smaller pieces when subjected to repeated handling at the mine or subsequently, by the distributor or by the consumer. This test method is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity of coals in respect to friability rather than for determining values within narrow limits to emphasize their dissimilarity. This test method also may serve to indicate the relative extent to which sized coals will suffer size degradation in certain mechanical feed devices. This test method may be used for differentiating between certain ranks and grades of coal, and therefore the test method is of service for coal classification purposes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2007
ICS
73.040 - Coals
Technical Committee
D05 - Coal and Coke
Drafting Committee
D05.07 - Physical Characteristics of Coal
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D441-86(2002) - Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D441-07(2012) - Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012

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ASTM D441-07 - Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D441 − 07
StandardTest Method of
1
Tumbler Test for Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D441; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftherelative 3.1 This test method is a measure of the resistance of the
friabilityofaparticularsizeofsizedcoal.Itaffordsameansof coal to breakage upon impact and abrasion as the coal rubs
measuring the liability of coal to break into smaller pieces together and against the walls of the transportation vehicle.
when subjected to repeated handling at the mine or
4. Apparatus
subsequently, by the distributor or by the consumer. This test
4.1 Porcelain Jar Tumbler, consisting of a cylindrical por-
method is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity of coals in
1
celainjarofuniformdimensions,7 ⁄4in.(184mm)indiameter
respect to friability rather than for determining values within
1
and 7 ⁄4 in. in depth, inside measurements, such as is used for
narrowlimitstoemphasizetheirdissimilarity.Thistestmethod
pulverizing coal samples for analysis. The jar shall be fitted
also may serve to indicate the relative extent to which sized
inside an iron frame with lifting shelves constructed as shown
coals will suffer size degradation in certain mechanical feed
1
inFig.1.Thetworings, a,shallbe7 ⁄8in.(181mm)inoutside
devices. This test method may be used for differentiating
3 1
diameterandshallbemadeof ⁄4-by ⁄8-in.(19-by3-mm)iron.
betweencertainranksandgradesofcoal,andthereforethetest
1 3 1
The three ledges or shelves, b,6 ⁄2 by ⁄4 by ⁄8 in. (165 by 19
method is of service for coal classification purposes.
by 3 mm), shall be attached radially to the rings by means of
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded
small brackets, c, the ends of the shelves being flush with the
as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.
outer edges of the rings. The shelves shall be attached so that
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5
there will be ⁄8-in. (15.9-mm) clearance between their outer
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
edgeandtheoutsideofthering.Rivets,notbolts,shallbeused
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in constructing the frame. As the jars available commercially
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
are not of absolutely uniform size, the measurements of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
framemaybeslightlyvariedtosuitindividualcases.Theframe
shall be fixed inside the jar by means of wedges between the
2. Referenced Documents
ringsandtheinsidewallofthejarsothatitsaxisshallcoincide
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
as nearly as possible with the axis of the jar, and so that the
D2234/D2234MPractice for Collection of a Gross Sample
framewillrotatewiththejar.Thejarshallbeclosedbyaset-in
of Coal
porcelain lid resting upon a heavy rubber gasket and sealed
D4749Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis of
tightly according to the customary procedure with such jars,
Coal and Designating Coal Size
that is, by means of a bolt working against the lid. The bolt
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
shall be set in a crossbar, the ends of which shall be held by a
Sieves
metal strip which fits around the body of the jar. For tumbling,
thejarshallbelaidinahorizontalpositioninasuitablesupport
1 or rack and rotated about its cylindrical axis at the rate of 40
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and
rpm. The assembled apparatus is illustrated in Fig. 2.
Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.07 on Physical
Characteristics of Coal.
4.2 Optional Iron Jar Tumbler—An iron jar may be substi-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally
tuted for the porcelain jar specified in 4.1, provided it has
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D441–86(2002).
1
DOI: 10.1520/D0441-07.
approximatelythesameinternaldimensions,namely,7 ⁄4in.in
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
diameter by 7 ⁄4 in. in depth. A jar constructed of cast iron is
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
recommended, and the interior machined to the required
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. internal dimensions. For making it sufficiently light for lifting,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
...

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4.1 Briquets of granular bituminous coals and anthracite prepared in accordance with the laboratory procedures of this practice will have flat, scratch-free surfaces suitable for examination with a microscope using reflected light illumination. The polished surfaces of briquettes prepared by this practice will contain particles representative of the original gross sample.  
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3.1 This test method concerns the compaction of crushed coal to determine either its compacted or uncompacted bulk density, for purposes such as charging coke ovens.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the bulk density of crushed coal less than 37.5 mm [1.5 in.] in size, such as is charged into coke ovens, as follows:  
1.1.1 Procedure A—The cone procedure for determining an uncompacted bulk density.
1.1.1.1 Standard Method—Procedure employs the use of a 115 mm [4.5 in.] chute opening and a measuring box having dimensions of 305 mm x 305 mm x 305 mm [12.0 in. x 12.0 in. x 12.0 in.].
1.1.1.2 Alternate Method—Procedure employs the use of a 203 mm [8.0 in.] chute opening and a measuring box having dimensions of 203 mm x 203 mm x 305 mm [8.0 in. x 8.0 in. x 12.0 in.] for coals with a total moisture greater than 7 %.  
1.1.2 Procedure B—The dropped-coal procedure for determining a compacted bulk density, comparable to actual bulk densities attained in coke ovens.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to the testing of powdered coal as used in boiler plants, nor to the determination of the bulk density of coal in storage piles.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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