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ASTM F2910-14

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Design and Construction of a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)

Standard Specification for Design and Construction of a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the design, construction, and test requirements for a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS). It is intended for all sUAS that are permitted to operate over a defined area and in airspace authorized by a nation's governing aviation authority (GAA). Unless otherwise specified by a nation’s GAA, this specification applies only to UA that have a maximum takeoff gross weight of 55 lb/25 kg or less.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the design, construction, and test requirements for a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS).  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jan-2014
ICS
49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
Technical Committee
F38 - Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Drafting Committee
F38.01 - Airworthiness
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F2910-14 - Standard Specification for Design and Construction of a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)ASTM F2910-14 - Standard Specification for Design and Construction of a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)
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ASTM F2910-14 - Standard Specification for Design and Construction of a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2910 −14
Standard Specification for
Design and Construction of a Small Unmanned Aircraft
1
System (sUAS)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2910; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 launch and recovery load, n—those loads experienced
during normal launch and recovery of the UA.
1.1 This specification defines the design, construction, and
test requirements for a small unmanned aircraft system 3.1.3 limit load, n—those loads experienced in the normal
(sUAS). operation and maintenance of the UA.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 manufacturer, n—entity responsible for assembly and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
integration of components and subsystems to create a safe
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
operating sUAS.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.5 permanent deformation, n—aconditionwherebyaUA
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
structure is altered such that it does not return to the shape
required for normal flight.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.6 propulsion system, n—consists of one or more power
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
plants (for example, a combustion engine or an electric motor
F2908 Specification for Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) for a
and, if used, a propeller or rotor) together with the associated
Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS)
installation of fuel system, control and electrical power supply
F2909 Practice for Maintenance and Continued Airworthi-
(for example, batteries, electronic speed controls, fuel cells, or
ness of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
other energy supply).
F2911 Practice for Production Acceptance of a Small Un-
3.1.7 small unmanned aircraft system, sUAS, n—composed
manned Aircraft System (sUAS)
ofthesmallunmannedaircraft(sUA)andallrequiredon-board
F3002 Specification for Design of the Command and Con-
subsystems, payload, control station, other required off-board
trolSystemforSmallUnmannedAircraftSystems(sUAS)
subsystems, any required launch and recovery equipment, and
F3003 Specification for Quality Assurance of a Small Un-
command and control (C2) links between the sUA and the
manned Aircraft System (sUAS)
control station. For purposes of this standard sUAS is synony-
F3005 Specification for Batteries for Use in Small Un-
mous with a small Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (sRPAS)
manned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
andsUAissynonymouswithasmallRemotelyPilotedAircraft
(sRPA).
3. Terminology
3.1.8 structural failure, n—a condition whereby the struc-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ture is not able to carry normal operating loads.
3.1.1 continued safe flight, n—a condition whereby a UAis
capable of continued safe flight, possibly using emergency
3.1.9 supplier, n—any entity engaged in the design and
procedures, without requiring exceptional pilot skill. Upon
production of components (other than a payload which is not
landing some UA damage may occur as a result of a failure required for safe operation of the sUAS) used on a sUAS.
condition.
3.1.9.1 Discussion—Where the supplier is not the
manufacturer,thesuppliercanonlyensurethatthecomponents
comply with accepted consensus standards.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on
3.2 Shall versus Should versus May—Use of the word
UnmannedAircraftSystemsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF38.01
“shall” implies that a procedure or statement is mandatory and
on Airworthiness.
must be followed to comply with this standard, “should”
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2014. Published January 2014. DOI: 10.1520/
F2910-14.
implies recommended, and “may” implies optional at the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
discretion of the supplier, manufacturer, or operator. Since
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
“shall” statements are requirements, they include sufficient
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. detail needed to define compliance (for example, threshold
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2910−14
values, test methods, oversight, reference to other standards). control system and ensures adequate aerodynamic stability.
“Should” statements are provided as guidance towards the The aircraft flight manual shall have a method to verif
...

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4.1 This practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for an independent audit program for unmanned aircraft system operators. The intended use is to provide minimum requirements for an initial assessment of operators bringing a new aircraft model or service to market, or for periodic review of an existing operator’s operations.  
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1.1 This practice establishes a minimum set of requirements for an Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Operator Independent Audit Program in compliance with Practice F3365. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
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4.1 The purpose of this standard practice is to provide the minimum requirements for the conduct of compliance audits.  
4.2 The intended use of this practice is to provide a basis for an internal or external entity to develop an audit program. An audit program defines specific requirements for the execution of audits for a particular objective. An example of an audit program would be an external (third party) audit of UAS manufacturer’s quality assurance system.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice establishes the minimum set of requirements for auditing programs, methods, and systems, the responsibilities for all parties involved, and qualifications for entities conducting audits against ASTM standards on Unmanned Aircraft Systems. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
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SCOPE
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This specification provides a consensus standard for an application to a nation's governing aviation authority (GAA) for a permit to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) for commercial or public use purposes. It is intended for all sUAS that are allowed to operate over a defined area and in airspace authorized by a nation's GAA. Unless otherwise specified by a nation's GAA, this specification applies only to UA that have a maximum gross takeoff weight of 25 kg (55 lb) or less. This specification covers general command and control (C2) requirements, C2 system spectrum requirements, C2 link requirements, UA requirements, and fly-away functionality.
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1.1 This specification is provided as a consensus standard in support of an application to a nation’s governing aviation authority (GAA) for a permit to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) for commercial or public use purposes.  
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Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for remote identification (Remote ID) of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Remote ID allows governmental and civil identification of UAS for safety, security, and compliance purposes. The objective is to increase UAS remote pilot accountability by removing anonymity while preserving operational privacy for remote pilots, businesses, and their customers. Remote ID is an enabler of enhanced operations such as beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations as well as operations over people.  
1.2 This specification defines message formats, transmission methods, and minimum performance standards for two forms of Remote ID: broadcast and network. Broadcast Remote ID is based on the transmission of radio signals directly from a UAS to receivers in the UAS’s vicinity. Network Remote ID is based on communication by means of the internet from a network Remote ID service provider (Net-RID SP) that interfaces directly or indirectly with the UAS, or with other sources in the case of intent-based network participants.  
1.3 This specification addresses the communications and test requirements of broadcast or network Remote ID, or both, in UAS and Net-RID SP systems.  
1.4 Applicability:  
1.4.1 This specification is applicable to UAS that operate at very low level (VLL) airspace over diverse environments including but not limited to rural, urban, networked, network degraded, and network denied environments, regardless of airspace class.  
1.4.2 This specification neither purports to address UAS operating with approval to use ADS-B or secondary surveillance radar transponders, nor does it purport to solve ID needs of UAS for all operations.  
1.4.3 In particular, this specification does not purport to address identification needs for UAS that are not participating in Remote ID or operators that purposefully circumvent Remote ID.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Units of measurement included in this specification:    
m  
meters  
deg, °  
degrees of latitude and longitude, compass direction  
s  
seconds  
Hz  
Hertz (frequency)  
dBm  
decibel-milliwatts (radio frequency power)  
ppm  
parts per million (radio frequency variation)  
μs  
microseconds  
ms  
milliseconds  
1.6 Table of Contents:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Remote ID and Network Interoperability Conceptual Overview  
4  
Performance Requirements  
5  
TEST METHODS  
Scope  
6  
Significance and Use  
7  
Hazards  
8  
Test Units  
9  
Procedure  
10  
Precision and Bias  
11  
Product Marking  
12  
Packaging and Package Marking  
13  
Keywords  
14  
ANNEX A1—Broadcast Authentication Verifier Service  
Annex A1  
ANNEX A2—Network Remote ID Interoperability Requirements, APIs, and Testing  
Annex A2  
ANNEX A3—Tables of Values  
Annex A3  
ANNEX A4—USS-DSS and USS-USS OpenAPI YAML Description  
Annex A4  
ANNEX A5—Number Registrar Management Policy  
Annex A5  
APPENDIX X1—Performance Characteristics  
Appendix X1  
APPENDIX X2—List of Subcommittee Participants and Contributors  
Appendix X2  
APPENDIX X3—Background Information  
Appendix X3  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 8 on Hazards.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the D...

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