ASTM D4852-88(2000)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabrics
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabrics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice may be used to evaluate pertinent performance characteristics of attached upholstery fabrics.
Loose cushions or pillows considered an inherent part of the total upholstered furniture unit are to be evaluated using this practice.
This practice is not intended for use with outdoor furniture nor with slipcovers or throws.
Evaluation is to be done both before and after the refurbishing procedures, as directed in voluntary care labeling instructions or as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.
The specified cleaning and maintenance procedures herein discussed do not reflect professional care designed to enhance the performance of furniture coverings, such as the application of soil and stain protectants. Reflected in this practice are the minimum capabilities of current cleaning methods used in accordance with any voluntary care labeling instructions accompanying the furniture.
The characteristics to be evaluated and the acceptance criteria assigned to these areas shall be set by mutual agreement between purchaser and supplier.
The significance and use of specific properties are discussed in the appropriate test methods and performance standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate specific characteristics of importance in the performance of upholstery fabric attached to a furniture unit, including woven, knitted, tufted, flocked, or vinyl fabrics.
1.2 It is understood that the fabric used to construct the upholstered furniture unit should be evaluated initially using appropriate fabric performance standards, such as Specifications D3597 and D3690.
1.3 Loose cushions or pillows considered an inherent part of the total furniture unit are to be evaluated using this practice.
1.4 This practice is not to be used to evaluate slipcovers or throws used as furniture coverings. Outdoor furniture coverings are not to be evaluated using this practice.
1.5 This practice shall not be construed to be a standard of performance but only as a standard practice for evaluation of attached upholstery fabrics.
1.6 This practice may be used by mutual agreement between purchaser and supplier to establish purchasing specifications.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D4852–88(Reapproved2000)
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4852; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 AATCC Method:
AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1—Gray Scale for Color
1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate specific charac-
Change
teristics of importance in the performance of upholstery fabric
2.3 Other Documents:
attached to a furniture unit, including woven, knitted, tufted,
Knit Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines
flocked, or vinyl fabrics.
Woven Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines
1.2 It is understood that the fabric used to construct the
upholstered furniture unit should be evaluated initially using
3. Terminology
appropriate fabric performance standards, such as Specifica-
3.1 Definitions:
tions D 3597 and D 3690.
3.1.1 attached upholstery fabric, n—the exterior fabric
1.3 Loosecushionsorpillowsconsideredaninherentpartof
covering secured to a furniture unit by the furniture manufac-
the total furniture unit are to be evaluated using this practice.
turer or custom upholsterer. (See furniture covering.)
1.4 This practice is not to be used to evaluate slipcovers or
3.1.2 back coating, n— in textiles, an adhesive-type sub-
throws used as furniture coverings. Outdoor furniture cover-
stance applied to the back of a fabric for such purposes as
ings are not to be evaluated using this practice.
locking pile yarn tufts into a carpet backing, bonding a
1.5 This practice shall not be construed to be a standard of
secondary backing to a primary backing, or increasing fabric
performance but only as a standard practice for evaluation of
body or stiffness.
attached upholstery fabrics.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Back coatings are applied to uphol-
1.6 Thispracticemaybeusedbymutualagreementbetween
stery fabrics to improve such attributes as dimensional stability
purchaser and supplier to establish purchasing specifications.
and seam integrity.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 cleaning agent, n—a chemical compound or formula-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tion of several compounds which loosen, disperse, dissolve, or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
emulsify soil to facilitate removal by mechanical action.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 furniture covering, n—a general term for attached
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
upholstery fabric, slipcovers, and throws.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.5 furniture unit, n— in upholstered furniture,acomplete
single piece of upholstered seating, such as a sofa, love seat,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 lounge chair, rocker, or recliner.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.1.6 group, n—in upholstered furniture, a number of indi-
D 3597 Specification for Woven Upholstery Fabrics—
3 vidual upholstered furniture units that are related by one or
Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
more physical characteristics such as styling, color, shape, or
D 3690 Performance Specification for Vinyl-Coated and
3 covering.
Urethane-Coated Upholstery Fabrics—Indoor
D 4771 Specification for Knitted Upholstery Fabrics for
Indoor Furniture
Available fromAssociation of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
NOTE 1—Subcommittee D13.62 on Care Labeling is preparing a
Issuedin1982bytheJoint-IndustryFabricStandardsCommittee,sponsoredby
terminologystandardonCareInstructionsforTextileFloorCoveringsand
National Association of Furniture Manufacturers, California Furniture Manufactur-
Upholstery. A copy of the latest draft may be obtained from the
ersAssociation,SouthernFurnitureManufacturersAssociation,SouthwestFurniture
subchairman.
Manufacturers Association, and Furniture Manufacturers Association of Grand
Rapids. Available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association, P.O. Box
HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.
Reissued in 1986 by the Joint-Industry Fabric Standards Committee including
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles American Furniture ManufacturersAssociation, California Furniture Manufacturers
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home Furnishings. Association, Furniture Manufacturers Association of Grand Rapids, Association of
Current edition approved July 29, 1988. Published September 1988. Western Furniture Suppliers, and Home Furnishings Manufacturers Association.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association, P.O. Box HP-7,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02. High Point, NC 27261.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4852
3.1.7 overall cleaning, n— for upholstered furniture, the 4.6 The characteristics to be evaluated and the acceptance
application of an appropriate cleaning agent to the entire fabric criteria assigned to these areas shall be set by mutual agree-
covering, accomplished while the upholstery fabric remains ment between purchaser and supplier.
attached to the furniture unit. 4.7 The significance and use of specific properties are
discussed in the appropriate test methods and performance
3.1.8 part, n—in upholstered furniture, one component of a
furniture unit, such as a seat, back, pillow, or arm cushion. standards.
3.1.9 refurbish, v—as applied to textile products,to
5. Sampling, Selection, and Number of Specimens
brighten or freshen up and restore to wearability by cleaning,
such as dry cleaning, laundering, or steam cleaning. 5.1 Lot Sample—Take a lot sample as directed in an
3.1.10 slipcover, n—a removable, fitted protective textile applicable material specification or as agreed between the
cover, often decorative and specifically made for upholstered purchaser and the supplier. In the absence of an applicable
furniture. (See furniture covering.) materialspecificationorprioragreement,randomlysampleone
furniture unit of each type to be tested. Treat the lot sampling
3.1.11 spot and stain removal, n—a cleaning procedure for
localized areas with cleaning agents and mechanical action units as the laboratory sampling units.
specific to the removal of the foreign substances present. (Syn.
NOTE 2—In many instances, only one furniture unit may be available
spot clean.)
due to styling, cost, size, or being a one-of-a-kind unit.
3.1.12 throw, n—a removable, unfitted protective textile
5.2 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit,
cover, used over upholstered furniture. (See furniture cover-
make the number of observations as directed in the applicable
ing.)
test methods. Make the observations on the furniture units as
3.1.13 tufting, n—in upholstered furniture, localized inden-
they would have reached the customer.
tation of upholstered furniture surfaces and cushions, by the
use of or appearance of buttons, providing an aesthetic treat-
CHARACTERISTICS AND TEST METHODS
ment.
3.1.14 upholstered furniture, n—furniture covered with
6. Selection of Characteristics
suchmaterialsastextilesorleather,andgenerallywithpadding
6.1 The characteristics to be evaluated and the acceptance
or cushions or both.
criteria assigned to these areas shall be set by mutual agree-
3.1.15 vacuum, v—to clean using an electrically powered
ment between purchaser and supplier.
machine to create suction in order to remove loose, particulate
soil and lint.
7. Fabric Performance Characteristics
3.1.16 welted seam, n— in upholstered furniture, seam
7.1 Evaluate the selected upholstery fabric befor
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