ASTM F2732-11
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining the Temperature Ratings for Cold Weather Protective Clothing
Standard Practice for Determining the Temperature Ratings for Cold Weather Protective Clothing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice can be used to measure the insulation provided by different cold weather clothing systems using a heated manikin (see Test Method F1291) and to predict the temperature rating for comfort at two activity levels using whole body heat loss models.
The temperature rating is for an ensemblenot an individual garment. However, manufacturers want to label cold weather garments with a temperature rating to help consumers select the product that will best meet their needs. Therefore, the standard is limited to garments that cover a substantial amount of body surface area such as jackets, coats, and insulated pants, coveralls, or snow suits. The temperature ratings of head wear, footwear, and hand wear cannot be determined with this practice.
The temperature predictions determined by this standard practice are for adults only. The physiology of children is significantly different from that of adults, so a modified heat loss model would need to be used to predict the comfort of children wearing outdoor clothing.
The temperature ratings determined by this standard practice and listed on garment labels are only guidelines for comfort and will be affected by the garments consumers wear with them, their activity level during wear, and individual differences in the physiological characteristics of people (for example, gender, age, body mass, etc.).
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice covers the determination of the temperature rating of cold weather protective clothing ensembles. It involves measuring the insulation value of a clothing ensemble with a heated manikin in accordance with Test Method F1291 and using a heat loss model to predict the lowest environmental temperature for comfort.
1.2 The predictive model used in this standard estimates the evaporative heat loss from a person wearing cold weather clothing as opposed to measuring the evaporative resistance on a sweating manikin. If a person is active and gets overheated in a cold environment, he/she can adjust the garments in order to dissipate excess heat.
1.3 The temperature ratings estimated by this standard practice are guidelines for thermal comfort that are designed to protect people from hypothermia when wearing cold weather protective garments. However, localized cooling, discomfort, and even frostbite could still occur at extremely low temperatures because clothing insulation is not evenly distributed over the body surface. In addition, some body parts (for example, ears, fingers, toes) have a high surface area relative to their mass, and consequently lose heat at a faster rate than other parts of the body.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2732 − 11
StandardPractice for
Determining the Temperature Ratings for Cold Weather
1
Protective Clothing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2732; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Manufacturers of cold weather protective clothing want consumers to be thermally comfortable
when wearing their products. Therefore, they want to indicate the amount of warmth (that is,
insulation) their products will provide to consumers at the point of sale. This is often expressed as a
temperature rating on product labels and in product descriptions in catalogs. A temperature rating is
commonly understood to mean the lowest air temperature at which the average adult person will have
an acceptable level of thermal comfort when wearing the product.Although it is not always stated on
labels or in catalogs, manufacturers are assuming that consumers will wear the appropriate amount of
clothing with the cold weather garments.
Heated manikins can be used to measure the thermal resistance (insulation) and evaporative
resistanceofclothingensemblesinaccordancewithTestMethodsF1291andF2370,respectively.The
thermal insulation value of a cold weather protective ensemble can be used in heat loss models to
estimate the thermal comfort of people in cold environments.This approach has already been used for
sleeping bags (see EN 13537).
1. Scope the body surface. In addition, some body parts (for example,
ears, fingers, toes) have a high surface area relative to their
1.1 This standard practice covers the determination of the
mass, and consequently lose heat at a faster rate than other
temperature rating of cold weather protective clothing en-
parts of the body.
sembles. It involves measuring the insulation value of a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
clothing ensemble with a heated manikin in accordance with
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Test Method F1291 and using a heat loss model to predict the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lowest environmental temperature for comfort.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 The predictive model used in this standard estimates the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
evaporative heat loss from a person wearing cold weather
clothing as opposed to measuring the evaporative resistance on
2. Referenced Documents
a sweating manikin. If a person is active and gets overheated in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a cold environment, he/she can adjust the garments in order to
F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of
dissipate excess heat.
Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
1.3 The temperature ratings estimated by this standard
F2370 Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resis-
practice are guidelines for thermal comfort that are designed to
tance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
protect people from hypothermia when wearing cold weather
3
2.2 Other Standards:
protective garments. However, localized cooling, discomfort,
EN 13537 Requirements for Sleeping Bags
and even frostbite could still occur at extremely low tempera-
ANSI/ASHRAE 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Condi-
tures because clothing insulation is not evenly distributed over
tions for Human Occupancy
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
F23.60 on Human Factors. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2732 - 09. DOI: Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/F2732-11. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2732 − 11
3. Terminology 4.1.3 The temperature ratings determined by this standard
practice and listed on garment labels are only guidelines for
3.1 Definitions:
comfort and will be affected by the garments consumers wear
3.1.1 clo, n—a unit of thermal resistance (insulation) equal
2 with them, their activity level during wear, and individual
to 0.155 K-m /W.
differences in the physi
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2732–09 Designation:F2732–11
Standard Practice for
Determining the Temperature Ratings for Cold Weather
1
Protective Clothing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2732; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Manufacturers of cold weather protective clothing want consumers to be thermally comfortable
when wearing their products. Therefore, they want to indicate the amount of warmth (that is,
insulation) their products will provide to consumers at the point of sale. This is often expressed as a
temperature rating on product labels and in product descriptions in catalogs. A temperature rating is
commonly understood to mean the lowest air temperature at which the average adult person will have
an acceptable level of thermal comfort when wearing the product.Although it is not always stated on
labels or in catalogs, manufacturers are assuming that consumers will wear the appropriate amount of
clothing with the cold weather garments.
Heated manikins can be used to measure the thermal resistance (insulation) and evaporative
resistanceofclothingensemblesinaccordancewithTestMethodsF1291andF2370,respectively.The
thermal insulation value of a cold weather protective ensemble can be used in heat loss models to
estimate the thermal comfort of people in cold environments.This approach has already been used for
sleeping bags (see EN 13537).
1. Scope
1.1 This standard practice covers the determination of the temperature rating of cold weather protective clothing ensembles. It
involves measuring the insulation value of a clothing ensemble with a heated manikin in accordance with Test Method F1291 and
using a heat loss model to predict the lowest environmental temperature for comfort.
1.2 The predictive model used in this standard estimates the evaporative heat loss from a person wearing cold weather clothing
as opposed to measuring the evaporative resistance on a sweating manikin. If a person is active and gets overheated in a cold
environment, he/she can adjust the garments in order to dissipate excess heat.
1.3 The temperature ratings estimated by this standard practice are guidelines for thermal comfort that are designed to protect
people from hypothermia when wearing cold weather protective garments. However, localized cooling, discomfort, and even
frostbitecouldstilloccuratextremelylowtemperaturesbecauseclothinginsulationisnotevenlydistributedoverthebodysurface.
In addition, some body parts (for example, ears, fingers, toes) have a high surface area relative to their mass, and consequently
lose heat at a faster rate than other parts of the body.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
F2370 Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
3
2.2 Other Standards:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.60
on Human Factors.
Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. DOI: 10.1520/F2732-09.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2732 - 09. DOI: 10.1520/F2732-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2732–11
EN 13537 Requirements for Sleeping Bags
ANSI/ASHRAE 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
...
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