ASTM D6653/D6653M-01(2010)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Packaged products transported via the feeder aircraft network are liable to experience altitudes as high as 5 791 m [19 000 ft]. When exposed to these high altitude conditions, products or packaging systems, or a combination thereof, may be affected negatively by the resultant pressure differential.
These test methods are suitable for evaluating the effect of high altitude on packaging systems.
These test methods are suitable for package or product, or both, development and engineering.
Other test methods, such as Test Methods D3078, D4991 and D5094, test for leakage of packaging systems by vacuum method and are applicable for testing the effects of high altitude.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the effects of pressure differential when packaged products are transported via certain modes of transport, such as feeder aircraft or ground over high mountain passes. The results of these tests are intended to be used for qualitative purposes.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D6653/D6653M − 01(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Methods for
Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging
Systems by Vacuum Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6653/D6653M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Units information was corrected editorially in March 2011.
1. Scope D5094 Test Methods for Gross Leakage of Liquids from
Containers with Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
1.1 These test methods determine the effects of pressure
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
differential when packaged products are transported via certain
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
modes of transport, such as feeder aircraft or ground over high
Lot or Process
mountain passes. The results of these tests are intended to be
2.2 Other:
used for qualitative purposes.
Altitude-pressuretablesbasedontheUnitedStatesStandard
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Atmospheres
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3. Terminology
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1 Definitions—Terms and definitions used in these test
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
methods may be found in Terminology D996.
with the standard.
3.2 Definition of Term:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 feeder aircraft, n—small, potentially nonpressurized
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
aircraft used to transport express air packages to remote areas.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.1 Packaged products transported via the feeder aircraft
network are liable to experience altitudes as high as 5 791 m
2. Referenced Documents
[19 000 ft]. When exposed to these high altitude conditions,
products or packaging systems, or a combination thereof, may
2.1 ASTM Standards:
be affected negatively by the resultant pressure differential.
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ments 4.2 These test methods are suitable for evaluating the effect
D3078 Test Method for Determination of Leaks in Flexible
of high altitude on packaging systems.
Packaging by Bubble Emission
4.3 These test methods are suitable for package or product,
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
or both, development and engineering.
tainers and Systems
4.4 Other test methods, such as Test Methods D3078,
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
D4991 and D5094, test for leakage of packaging systems by
Packaging Components for Testing
vacuum method and are applicable for testing the effects of
D4991 Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid
high altitude.
Containers by Vacuum Method
5. Apparatus
5.1 Vacuum Chamber—Any suitable chamber capable of
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
withstanding approximately one atmosphere pressure differen-
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
tial fitted with a flat-vacuum-tight cover or equivalent chamber
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published March 2011. Originally
providing the same functional capabilities, such as an altitude
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6653 – 01 (Reap-
chamber.
proved 2006). DOI: 10.1520/D6653_D6653M-01R10E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from http://naca.larc.nasa.gov/reports/1936/naca-report-538/.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Based on field testing analysis; Available from ASTM headquarters. Request
the ASTM website. RR:D10-1013 onAltitude andTemperature—Study of the FeederAircraft Network.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6653/D6653M − 01 (2010)
5.2 Vacuum Gage, Inlet Tube from a Source of Vacuum and damage level acceptances, or other criteria (see Appendix X1
Outlet Tube to the Atmosphere, shall be sealed to the chamber. and Table X2.1 for guidance).
Theinletandoutlettubesshallbeequippedwithhandoperated
9.2 Maintain the vacuum for 60 min. The test duration may
valves. The vacuum gauge shall be laboratory quality with a
be modified based on knowledge of shipping environment,
full-scale range of 0 to 100 kPa [0 to 30 in. Hg] with minimum
product value, desired damage level acceptances, or other
graduation no greater than 2 kPa [1 in. Hg] and accuracy to
criteria (see Appendix X1 and Table X2.1 for guidance).
within 2 %.
9.3 Partially open the chamber inlet valve and release the
5.3 The Chamber, shall be large enough to contain the test
vacuum at a rate of approximately 305 m [1 000 ft] per 30-60
specimen, as well as allow for the expansion of the product or
s.
package, or both.
9.4 Open the chambers cover and remove the test specimen
6. Sampling and examine for any damage or deformation.
6.1 The test specimens and number of samples shall be
9.5 Record the results of examination.
chosen to permit an adequate determination of representative
10. Interpretation of Results
performance (see Practice E122).
10.1 If a distribution packaging system was tested and the
6.2 In the absence of any sampling plan, at least three
closure, shipping container, internal packaging and product are
representative specimens should be selected for performance
intactandfreeofdamage,thenthepackagingsystemshouldbe
evaluation.
reassembled for testing in accordance with an industry ac-
7. Test Specimen cepted packaged-product performance test, such as Practice
D4169.This will help determine if the pressure differential had
7.1 Atest specimen shall consist of an assembled packaging
an affect on the performance of the packaging system. It is
system, representative of a production run package, or compo-
recommended to test a new test specimen with the same
nents of an assembled packaging sys
...
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