ASTM B355-11(2016)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Nickel-Coated Soft or Annealed Copper Wire
Standard Specification for Nickel-Coated Soft or Annealed Copper Wire
ABSTRACT
This specification covers nickel-coated, soft or annealed, round copper wire for use in electrical equipment. Five classes of wire are covered as follows: Class 2, Class 4, Class 7, Class 10, and Class 27. Properties like elongation, resistivity and dimensions of the wire shall be determined. The continuity of the coating shall be determined by the sodium polysulfide test. Adherence of the coating shall be determined by wrapping and immersion tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nickel-coated, soft or annealed, round copper wire for use in electrical equipment.
1.2 Five classes of wire are covered as follows:
1.2.1 Class 2—Wire whose nickel coating is at least 2 % of the total weight of the coated wire.
1.2.2 Class 4—Wire whose nickel coating is at least 4 % of the total weight of the coated wire.
1.2.3 Class 7—Wire whose nickel coating is at least 7 % of the total weight of the coated wire.
1.2.4 Class 10—Wire whose nickel coating is at least 10 % of the total weight of the coated wire.
1.2.5 Class 27—Wire whose nickel coating is at least 27 % of the total weight of the coated wire.
Note 1: For information purposes, the thickness of coating in microinches provided by the percentages listed in 1.2 is shown in Table 2.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parenthesis are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Exceptions—The SI values for density, resistivity, and volume are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This hazard statement applies only to Section 7, Test Methods, and to the Appendix of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:B355 −11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Specification for
Nickel-Coated Soft or Annealed Copper Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B355; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Standards:
B49Specification for Copper Rod for Electrical Purposes
1.1 This specification covers nickel-coated, soft or
B193Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
annealed, round copper wire for use in electrical equipment.
Materials
1.2 Five classes of wire are covered as follows:
B258 Specification for Nominal Diameters and Cross-
1.2.1 Class 2—Wire whose nickel coating is at least 2% of
SectionalAreasofAWGSizesofSolidRoundWiresUsed
the total weight of the coated wire.
as Electrical Conductors
1.2.2 Class 4—Wire whose nickel coating is at least 4% of
E75Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper-Nickel
the total weight of the coated wire. 3
and Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloys (Withdrawn 2010)
1.2.3 Class 7—Wire whose nickel coating is at least 7% of
2.3 NIST:
the total weight of the coated wire.
NBSHandbook 100—Copper Wire Tables
1.2.4 Class 10—Wire whose nickel coating is at least 10%
of the total weight of the coated wire.
3. Ordering Information
1.2.5 Class 27—Wire whose nickel coating is at least 27%
3.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
of the total weight of the coated wire.
the following information:
NOTE 1—For information purposes, the thickness of coating in micro-
3.1.1 Quantity of each size,
inches provided by the percentages listed in 1.2 is shown in Table 1.
3.1.2 Wire size, diameter in inches (see 5.3 and Table 1),
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
3.1.3 Class of coating (Section 1 and Table 1),
as standard. The values given in parenthesis are mathematical
3.1.4 Type of copper, if special (see 4.2),
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1.5 Package size (Section 10),
and are not considered standard.
3.1.6 Special packaging marking, if required, and
1.3.1 Exceptions—The SI values for density, resistivity, and
3.1.7 Place of inspection (see 9.1).
volume are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This hazard statement applies only to Section 6, Test 4. Material
Methods, and to the Appendix of this specification. This
4.1 The material shall be nickel-coated wire (Explanatory
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Note 1), of such quality and purity that the finished product
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
shall have the properties and characteristics prescribed in this
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
specification.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
NOTE 2—Specification B49 defines copper suitable for use:
tions prior to use.
4.2 Copper of special qualities, forms, or types, as may be
2. Referenced Documents agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser, and
which will conform to the requirements prescribed in this
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect at the
specification may also be used.
time of reference form a part of these methods to the extent
referenced herein:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Electrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of B01.04 on Conductors of the ASTM website.
Copper and Copper Alloys. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally www.astm.org.
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20116 as B355–11. DOI: Available from NationalTechnical Information Service (NTIS), 5301 Shawnee
10.1520/B0355-11R16. Rd., Alexandria, VA 22312, http://www.ntis.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B355−11 (2016)
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements
Elongation in Thickness of Coating, µin.
Area at 20°C (68°F)
10 in., min,% (For Information Only)
Classes Class 2, Class 4, Class 7, Class 10, Class 27,
Diameter, Class
cmils in. 2, 4, 7, 2% 4% 7% 10 % 27 %
in. 27
9, and 10 Nickel Nickel Nickel Nickel Nickel
0.1285 16 510 0.01297 25 20 650 1300 2290 3300 9350
0.1144 13 090 0.01028 25 20 570 1160 2040 2940 8330
0.1019 10 380 0.008155 25 20 510 1040 1820 2620 7420
0.0907 8 230 0.00646 25 20 460 920 1620 2330 6610
0.0808 6 530 0.00513 25 20 410 820 1440 2070 5880
0.0720 5 180 0.00407 25 20 360 730 1280 1850 5240
0.0641 4 110 0.00323 25 20 320 650 1140 1650 4670
0.0571 3 260 0.00256 25 20 290 580 1020 1470 4160
0.0508 2 580 0.00203 25 20 260 510 910 1300 3700
0.0453 2 050 0.00161 25 20 230 460 810 1160 3300
0.0403 1 620 0.00128 25 20 200 410 720 1030 2930
0.0359 1 290 0.00101 25 20 180 360 640 920 2610
0.0320 1 020 0.000804 25 20 160 320 570 820 2330
0.0285 812 0.000638 25 20 140 290 510 730 2070
0.0253 640 0.000503 25 20 130 260 450 650 1850
0.0226 511 0.000401 25 20 110 230 400 580 1640
0.0201 404 0.000317 20 15 100 200 360 520 1460
0.0179 320 0.000252 20 15 90 180 320 460 1300
0.0159 253 0.000199 20 15 80 160 280 410 1160
0.0142 202 0.000158 20 15 71 140 250 360 1030
0.0126 159 0.000125 20 15 63 130 220 320 920
0.0113 128 0.000100 20 15 57 110 200 290 820
0.0100 100 0.0000785 20 15 50 100 180 260 730
0.0089 79.2 0.0000622 15 10 45 90 160 230 650
0.0080 64.0 0.0000503 15 10 40 81 140 200 580
0.0071 50.4 0.0000396 15 10 . 72 130 180 520
0.0063 39.7 0.0000312 15 10 . 64 110 160 460
0.0056 31.4 0.0000246 15 10 . 57 100 140 410
0.0050 25.0 0.0000196 15 10 . 51 89 130 360
0.0045 20.2 0.0000159 15 8 . . 80 120 320
0.0040 16.0 0.0000126 15 8 . . 71 100 290
0.0035 12.2 0.00000962 15 8 . . 62 91 260
0.0031 9.61 0.00000755 15 8 . . 55 81 230
5. General Requirements
Nominal Diameter, in. Permissible Variations in Diameter
Under 0.0100 +0.0003 in. (0.3 mil)
5.1 Tensile Properties—The nickel-coated wire shall con-
−0.0001 in. (0.1 mil)
0.0100 to 0.0508, incl +3 %, −1 %
form to the requirements for elongation as prescribed in Table
Over 0.0508 +0.0015, −0.0005
1. For wire, the nominal diameter of which is more than 0.001
in.(0.025mm)greaterthanasizelistedinTable1andlessthan
5.4 Continuity of Coating—Thecoatingshallbecontinuous.
that of the next larger size, the requirements of the next larger
The continuity of the coating shall be determined on represen-
size shall apply.
tativesamplestakenbeforestrandingorinsulatingandshallbe
determined by the sodium polysulfide test described in 6.4.
5.2 Resistivity—The electrical resistivity of the coated wire
Wire whose coating weight corresponds to a thickness of less
atatemperatureof20°Cshallnotexceedthevaluesprescribed
than 50 µin. (0.00005 in.) (0.0013 mm) shall not be subject to
in Table 2.
this test (Explanatory Note 3).
5.3 Dimensions and Permissible Variations—Thewiresizes
shall be expressed as the diameter of the wire in decimal 5.5 Adherence of Coating—The nickel coating shall be
fractions of an inch to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm)
firmly adherent to the surface of the copper. The adherence of
(Explanatory Note 2). The coated wire shall not vary from the
coating on the wire shall be determined on representative
specified diameter by more than the following amounts:
samples. The adherence of coating shall be determined by the
wrappingandimmersiontestinaccordancewithsection6.5for
TABLE 2 Electrical Resistivity Requirements
0.0403 in. (1.024 mm) and larger sizes.
Resistivity at 20°C,
Class, % Nickel 5.6 Weight of Coating—The weight of coating expressed as
Ω· lb/mile
a percentage of the total weight of the wire shall be not less
2 911.67
4 931.06 than 2% for Class 2; 4% for Class 4; 7% for Class 7; 10%
7 961.76
for Class 10; and 27% for Class 27. For ease of comparison,
10 994.55
the thickness of coating for these classes has been included in
27 1232.7
Table 1 (Explanatory Note 3).
B355−11 (2016)
5.7 Joints—Necessary joints in the wire and rods prior to presenceinthesolutionofanexcessofsulfurafterthesolution
finalcoatinganddrawingshallbemadeinaccordancewiththe has been allowed to stand for at least 24 h. The test solution
best commercial practice. There shall be no uncoated joints in shallbemadebydilutingaportionoftheconcentratedsolution
the final product. with distilled water to a specific gravity of 1.135 to 1.145 at
ambient temperature of 15.6°C. The sodium polysulfide test
5.8 Finish—The coating shall consist of a smooth, continu-
solution should have sufficient strength to thoroughly blacken
ouslayer,firmlyadherenttothesurfaceofthecopper.Thewire
a piece of clean uncoated copper wire in 5 s. The test solution
shallbefreefromallimperfectionsnotconsistentwiththebest
usedfortestingsamplesshallbeconsideredexhaustedifitfails
commercial practice.
to blacken a piece of clean copper as described above (Ex-
planatory
Note 7).
6. Test Methods
6.4.4 Procedure—Immerse a length of at least 4 ⁄2 in. (114
6.1 Tensile Strength and Elongation (Explanatory Note 4):
mm) from each of the clean specimens for 30 s in the sodium
6.1.1 The elongation of wire with a nominal diameter
polysulfide solution (see 6.4.3) maintained at a temperature
greater than 0.0808 in. (2.052 mm) shall be determined as the
between 15.6 and 21°C. After the immersion, immediately
permanentincreaseinlengthduetothebreakingofthewirein
wash the specimens in clean water and wipe dry with a clean,
tension.Theelongationshallbemeasuredbetweengagemarks
soft cloth or tissue.After immersion and washing, examine the
placedoriginally10in.(242mm)apartuponthetestspecimen
specimens to ascertain if copper exposed through openings in
and expressed in percent of the original length.
the nickel coating has been blackened by action of the sodium
6.1.2 The elongation of wire with a nominal diameter equal
polysulfide.Examinethespecimenwiththenormaleyeagainst
to or less than 0.0808 in. (2.053 mm) may be determined as
a white background. Consider the specimens to have failed if,
describedaboveorbymeasurementsmadebetweenthejawsof
by such blackening, exposed copper is revealed. No attention
the testing machine. When measurements are made between
shall be paid to blackening within 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of the cut
thejaws,thezerolengthshallbethedistancebetweenthejaws
end.
at the start of the tension test and be as near 10 in. (254 mm)
as practicable. The final length shall be the distance between
6.5 Adherence of Coating:
the jaws at the time of rupture. The fracture shall be between
6.5.1 Specimens—Testspecimensshallbeapproximately12
gage marks or jaws of the testing machine, depending on
in. (305 mm) in length and shall be tagged or marked to
methodused,andnotcloserthan1in.(25.4mm)toeithergage
correspondwiththecoil,spool,orreelfromwhichtheyarecut.
mark or jaw.
The specimens shall be thoroughly cleaned, if required, by
6.2 Resistivity—The electrical resistivity of the material immersion in a suitable organic solvent for at least 3 min, then
shall be determined in accordance with Test Method B193 removed and dried (Precaution: Explanatory Note 6). The
(Explanatory Note 5). specimens thus cleaned shall be kept wrapped in a clean, dry
cloth until tested. That part of the specimen to be immersed in
6.3 Dimensional Measurements—Dimensional measure-
the test solution shall not be handled. Care shall be taken to
ments shall be made with a micrometer caliper equipped with
avoidabrasionofthesurfacetobesubjectedtotest.Wiresizes
a vernier graduated in 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm). Each coil shall
0.005 in. (0.127 mm) and smaller may be cleaned after
be gaged at three places, one near each end and one near the
wrapping.
middle. From each spool approximately 12 ft (3.7 m) shall be
6.5.2 Procedure:
unreeled and the wire gaged in six places between the second
and twelfth foot from the end. The average of the measure- 6.5.2.1 Wrapping—Slowly wrap the test specimen in a
ments obtained shall meet the requirements of 5.3.
suitable manner in an open helix around a wire of its own
diameter. Take care not to stretch the specimen during the
6.4 Continuity of Coating:
wrapping operation.The spacing of the consecutive turns shall
6.4.1 Length of Specimens—Test specimens shall each have
be approximately equal to the diameter of the wire. For wire
a length of about 6 in. (152 mm). They shall be tagged or
sizes 0.021 in. (0.533 mm) and smaller, use approximately six
marked to correspond with the coil, spool, or reel from which
helical turns for the test. For wire larger than 0.021 in. (0.533
they were cut.
mm) use approximately three turns.
6.4.2 Treatment of Specimens—The specimens shall be
6.5.2.2 Immersion Test—Removethehelicallywrappedpor-
thoroughly cleaned by immersion in a suitable organic solvent
tion of the test specimen from the mandrel and completely
for at least 3 min, then removed and wiped dry with a clean,
immerse in the sodium polysulfide solution (see 6.4.3) for 30 s
soft cloth or tissue (Precaution: Explanatory Note 6). The
at the temperature prescribed in 6.4.4. On removal from the
specimens thus cleaned shall be kept wrapped in a clean, dry
sodiumpolysulfidesolution,rinsethespecimenimmediatelyin
cloth or tissue until tested. That part of the specimen to be
clean water and remove the excess by shaking.
immersed in the test solution shall not be handled. Care shall
be taken to avoid abrasion by the cut ends. 6.5.2.3 Examination of Specimens—Examine the outer sur-
6.4.3 Special Solution (sp gr 1.142)—A concentrated solu- face of the helically wrapped portion of the specimen under
tionshallbemadebydissolvingsodiumsulfidecrystals(cp)in magnification not to exceed 7× diameter. Any cracking or
distilledwateruntilthesolutionissaturatedatabout21°C,and flaking of the coating in this area shown by blackening of the
adding sufficient flowers of sulfur (in excess of 250 g/L of copper area shall be cause for rejection.Agrayish appearance
solution) to provide complete saturation, as shown by the of the coating after immersion shall not constitute failure.
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