ASTM A345-98
(Specification)Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications
Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers general procedures for specifying requirements in the procurement and delivery of flat-rolled electrical steels for magnetic applications. When an applicable individual specification does not exist, this specification enables the user to order a suitable material to be supplied under controlled conditions with respect to magnetic quality, sampling, testing, packaging, etc., by specifying certain requirements on the purchase order and citing this specification.
1.2 Individual specifications that are in conformity with this specification are A677, A677M, A683, A683M, A726, A726M, A840, A840M, A876, and A876M.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 13, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1-For more information on procedures associated with this specification, refer to the following: Test Methods A341, A343, A347, A348, and A596, Practice A664, and Test Methods A712, A719, A720, A721, A804, and A889.
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Designation: A 345 – 98
Standard Specification for
Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A 343 Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Prop-
erties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-
1.1 This specification covers general procedures for speci-
Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Test
fying requirements in the procurement and delivery of flat-
Frame
rolled electrical steels for magnetic applications. When an
A 347 Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Prop-
applicable individual specification does not exist, this specifi-
erties of Materials Using the Dieterly Bridge Method with
cation enables the user to order a suitable material to be
25-cm Epstein Frame
supplied under controlled conditions with respect to magnetic
A 348 Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Prop-
quality, sampling, testing, packaging, and so forth, by specify-
erties of Materials Using the Wattmeter-Ammeter-
ing certain requirements on the purchase order and citing this
Voltmeter Method, 100 to 10 000 Hz and 25-cm Epstein
specification.
Frame
1.2 Individual specifications that are in conformity with this
A 596 Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic Properties
specification are A677, A677M, A683, A683M, A726, A726M,
of Materials Using the Ballistic Method and Ring Speci-
A840, A840M, A876, and A876M.
mens
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
A 664 Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical and
test methods portion, Section 13, of this specification. This
Laminations Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
A 677 Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Fully
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
Processed Types
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
A 677M Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel,
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Fully Processed Types (Metric)
tions prior to use.
A 683 Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semi-
NOTE 1—For more information on procedures associated with this 2
processed Types
specification, refer to the following: Test Methods A 341, A 343, A 347,
A 683M Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel,
A 348, and A 596, Practice A 664, and Test Methods A 712, A 719, A 720,
Semiprocessed Types (Metric)
A 721, A 804, and A 889.
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
2. Referenced Documents
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
A 712 Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Soft Mag-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
netic Alloys
A 34 Practice for Procurement Testing, and Sampling of
A 717 Test Method for Surface Insulation Resistivity of
Magnetic Materials
Single-Strip Specimens
A 340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
A 719 Test Method for Lamination Factor of Magnetic
Magnetic Testing
Materials
A 341 Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic Properties
A 720 Test Method for Ductility of Nonoriented Electrical
of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the Ballistic
Steel
Test Methods
A 721 Test Method for Ductility of Oriented Electrical
Steel
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-6 on A 726 Specification for Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 on
Quality Steel, Semiprocessed Types
Materials Specifications.
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published September 1998. Originally
published as A 345 – 49 to replace A 310. Last previous edition A 345 – 90
{1
(1995) .
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.04. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 345
A 726M Specification for Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamina- 5. Materials and Manufacture
tion Quality Steel, Semiprocessed Types (Metric)
5.1 Normally, these electrical steels are composed princi-
A 804 Test Methods for Alternating-Magnetic Properties of
pally of iron with relatively small amounts of alloying elements
Materials at Power Frequencies Using Sheet-Type Test
such as silicon and aluminum. Other chemical elements are
Specimens
either in residual amounts or added in small amounts to
A 840 Specification for Fully Processed Magnetic Lamina-
improve fabrication. The manufacturer shall provide on request
tion Steel
a statement of nominal chemistry being supplied.
A 840M Specification for Fully Processed Magnetic Lami-
5.2 The chemical composition and the method of manufac-
nation Steel (Metic)
ture shall not be unduly prescribed. Any restriction on the
A 876 Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented,
conditions of manufacture shall be negotiated between the
Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types manufacturer and the purchaser.
A 876M Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, 5.3 When changes in the manufacture of successive ship-
ments of material because of changing technology are believed
Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types [Met-
ric] to increase the likelihood of adverse effects upon magnetic or
fabrication performance in the specified end use, the manufac-
A 889 Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Prop-
turer shall notify the purchaser before shipment is made so that
erties of Materials at Low Inductions Using the Wattmeter-
he can be afforded an opportunity to evaluate the effects.
Varmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein
Frame
6. Magnetic Properties
A 937 Test Method for Determining Interlaminar Resis-
tance of Insulating Coatings Using Two Adjacent Test
6.1 Electrical steels are normally purchased to specified
Surfaces maximum core–loss requirements. The purchaser shall make
clear to the supplier the limiting values of core loss required for
A 976 Classification of Insulating Coatings by Composi-
tion, Relative Insulating Ability and Application the ordered material. The grain direction of the test specimen,
whether as sheared or given a specific anneal, the test induction
and frequency, the test method, and other information pertinent
3. Terminology
to the proper qualification of the material shall be specified.
3.1 The terms and symbols used in this specification are
6.2 When the desired end use imposes definite limits on
defined in Terminology A 340.
other magnetic properties such as specific power exciting,
permeability, coercive force, and so forth, the purchaser is
4. Ordering Information
responsible for so specifying on the order. The purchaser shall
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
also state whether specific tests are required for these other
as much of the following information as necessary to describe
properties or whether the specified characteristics are for
the desired material:
informational purposes only.
4.1.1 Specification A 345 or the individual specification
number for the specification that shall govern.
7. Electrical Properties
4.1.2 Class of electrical steel, whether grain-oriented elec-
7.1 Electrical steels are normally provided with an electrical
trical steel, nonoriented electrical steel, or magnetic lamination
resistivity appropriate to the core-loss limit and the specified
steel.
end use. If the electrical resistivity must be restricted, the
4.1.3 Whether semi- or fully processed.
limiting value shall be negotiated with the supplier.
4.1.4 Core loss type number or standard grade designation.
7.2 The surface insulation ability inherent in the processing
If an individual specification is not cited, the limiting value of
of electrical steels for magnetic applications may differ widely
the core loss or other magnetic property that shall control, as
with the class of electrical steel and the intended end use.
well as all applicable test conditions and test methods, shall be
Several types of applied coatings are available to attain
stated on the order.
different levels of insulation ability as needed for critical
4.1.5 Surface coating type.
applications. These inherent and applied coating types C-0,
4.1.6 Thickness, width, and length, if in cut lengths instead
C-2, C-3, C-4, C-4AS, C-5, C5-AS, and C-6 are described and
of coils, for the ordered item.
characterized in Classification A 976. If the inherent mill-
4.1.7 Total weight of ordered item. processed surface lacks sufficient insulating ability for the
user’s purposes, the purchaser shall specify the applied coating
4.1.8 Limitations on coil size or lift weight.
type to be used, whether tests shall be made by Test Method
4.1.9 End use. Whenever possible, state a
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