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ASTM G21-15

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi

Standard Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The synthetic polymer portion of these materials is usually fungus-resistant in that it does not serve as a carbon source for the growth of fungi. It is generally the other components, such as plasticizers, cellulosics, lubricants, stabilizers, and colorants, that are responsible for fungus attack on plastic materials. To assess materials other than plastics, use of this test method should be agreed upon by all parties involved. It is important to establish the resistance to microbial attack under conditions favorable for such attack, namely, a temperature of 2 to 38°C (35 to 100°F) and a relative humidity of 60 to 100 %.  
4.2 The effects to be expected are as follows:  
4.2.1 Surface attack, discoloration, loss of transmission (optical), and  
4.2.2 Removal of susceptible plasticizers, modifiers, and lubricants, resulting in increased modulus (stiffness), changes in weight, dimensions, and other physical properties, and deterioration of electrical properties such as insulation resistance, dielectric constant, power factor, and dielectric strength.  
4.3 Often the changes in electrical properties are due principally to surface growth and its associated moisture and to pH changes caused by excreted metabolic products. Other effects include preferential growth caused by nonuniform dispersion of plasticizers, lubricants, and other processing additives. Attack on these materials often leaves ionized conducting paths. Pronounced physical changes are observed on products in film form or as coatings, where the ratio of surface to volume is high, and where nutrient materials such as plasticizers and lubricants continue to diffuse to the surface as they are utilized by the organisms.  
4.4 Since attack by organisms involves a large element of chance due to local accelerations and inhibitions, the order of reproducibility may be rather low. To ensure that estimates of behavior are not too optimistic, the greatest observed degree of deterioration should be reported. ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers determination of the effect of fungi on the properties of synthetic polymeric materials in the form of molded and fabricated articles, tubes, rods, sheets, and film materials. Changes in optical, mechanical, and electrical properties may be determined by the applicable ASTM methods.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2015
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
G03 - Weathering and Durability
Drafting Committee
G03.04 - Biological Deterioration
Current Stage
Ref Project

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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G21 − 15
Standard Practice for
Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to
1
Fungi
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG21;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and
Electrical Insulating Materials
1.1 This practice covers determination of the effect of fungi
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
on the properties of synthetic polymeric materials in the form
Sheeting
of molded and fabricated articles, tubes, rods, sheets, and film
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
materials. Changes in optical, mechanical, and electrical prop-
of Transparent Plastics
erties may be determined by the applicable ASTM methods.
D1708 Test Method forTensile Properties of Plastics by Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
of Microtensile Specimens
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
information only.
Materials
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E308 PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the CIE System
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.2 TAPPI Standard:
3
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Test Method T 451-CM-484 Flexural Properties of Paper
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.3 Federal Standards:
FED STD 191 Method 5204 Stiffness of Cloth, Directional;
4
2. Referenced Documents
Self Weighted Cantilever Method
2
FED STD 191 Method 5206 Stiffness of Cloth Drape and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4
Flex; Cantilever Bending Method
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
3. Summary of Practice
at Commercial Power Frequencies
3.1 The procedure described in this practice consists of
D150 Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
selection of suitable specimens for determination of pertinent
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
properties, inoculation of the specimens with suitable
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
organisms, exposure of inoculated specimens under conditions
Insulating Materials
favorable to growth, examination and rating for visual growth,
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArc
and removal of the specimens and observations for testing,
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
either before cleaning or after cleaning and reconditioning.
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
NOTE 1—Since the procedure involves handling and working with
D747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plas-
fungi, it is recommended that personnel trained in microbiology perform
the portion of the procedure involving handling of organisms and
tics by Means of a Cantilever Beam
inoculated specimens.
4. Significance and Use
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G03 on Weathering
4.1 The synthetic polymer portion of these materials is
and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.04 on
usually fungus-resistant in that it does not serve as a carbon
Biological Deterioration.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2015.PublishedJuly2015.Originallyapproved
in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as G21 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/G0021-
3
15. Available from TechnicalAssociation of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http://www.tappi.org.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
the ASTM website. dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G21−15
source for the growth of fungi. It is generally the other categlass,orbakingdishesupto400by500mm(16by20in.)
components, such as plasticizers, cellulosics, lubricants, in size, covered with squares of window glass.
stabilizers, and colorants, that are responsible for fungus attack
5.2 Incub
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G21 − 13 G21 − 15
Standard Practice for
Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to
1
Fungi
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G21; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers determination of the effect of fungi on the properties of synthetic polymeric materials in the form of
molded and fabricated articles, tubes, rods, sheets, and film materials. Changes in optical, mechanical, and electrical properties may
be determined by the applicable ASTM methods.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at
Commercial Power Frequencies
D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plastics by Means of a Cantilever Beam
D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
D1708 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics by Use of Microtensile Specimens
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
2.2 TAPPI Standard:
3
Test Method T 451-CM-484 Flexural Properties of Paper
2.3 Federal Standards:
4
FED STD 191 Method 5204 Stiffness of Cloth, Directional; Self Weighted Cantilever Method
4
FED STD 191 Method 5206 Stiffness of Cloth Drape and Flex; Cantilever Bending Method
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G03 on Weathering and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.04 on Biological
Deterioration.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013June 1, 2015. Published December 2013July 2015. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 as
G21 – 09.G21 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/G0021-13.10.1520/G0021-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI), 15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http://www.tappi.org.
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G21 − 15
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 The procedure described in this practice consists of selection of suitable specimens for determination of pertinent properties,
inoculation of the specimens with suitable organisms, exposure of inoculated specimens under conditions favorable to growth,
examination and rating for visual growth, and removal of the specimens and observations for testing, either before cleaning or after
cleaning and reconditioning.
NOTE 1—Since the procedure involves handling and working with fungi, it is recommended that personnel trained in microbiology perform the portion
of the procedure involving handling of organisms and inoculated specimens.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The synthetic polyme
...

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5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, refer to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those m...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the visco-elastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or compositions using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of polymeric material systems.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 5.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established ...

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ASTM
ASTM D5024-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Compression

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using very small amounts of material. The data obtained can be used for quality control and/or research and development purposes. For some classes of materials, such as thermosets, it can also be used to establish optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables provide graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess:  
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,  
5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, make reference to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins as well as composite systems in the form of cylindrical specimens molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The compression data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the thermomechanical properties (as a function of a number of viscoelastic variables) for a wide variety of plastic materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques as outlined in Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus, loss (viscous) modulus, complex modulus, and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material system.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized pr...

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ASTM
ASTM D2863-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the measuring of the minimum concentration of oxygen in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just support flaming combustion of plastics. Correlation with burning characteristics under actual use conditions is not implied.  
5.2 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as percent volume, that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.  
1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures. Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B involves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short procedure involving the comparison with a specified minimum value of the oxygen index.  
1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared into one of six types of specimens (see Table 1).    
1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3.  
1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.  
1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m3.
Note 1: Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.  
1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.  
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 2: This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1, with direct oxygen concentration measurement.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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