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ASTM D1203-23

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Volatile Loss from Plastics Using Activated Carbon Methods

Standard Test Methods for Volatile Loss from Plastics Using Activated Carbon Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test methods are intended to be rapid empirical tests which have been found to be useful in the relative comparison of materials having the same nominal thickness.
Note 2: When the plastic material contains plasticizer, loss from the plastic is assumed to be primarily plasticizer. The effect of moisture is considered to be negligible.  
4.2 Correlation with ultimate application for various plastic materials shall be determined by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of volatile loss from a plastic material under defined conditions of time and temperature, using activated carbon as the immersion medium.  
1.2 Two test methods are covered as follows:  
1.2.1 Test Method A, Direct Contact with Activated Carbon—In this test method the plastic material is in direct contact with the carbon. This test method is particularly useful in the rapid comparison of a large number of plastic specimens.  
1.2.2 Test Method B, Wire Cage—This test method prescribes the use of a wire cage, which prevents direct contact between the plastic material and the carbon. By eliminating the direct contact, the migration of the volatile components to the surrounding carbon is minimized and loss by volatilization is more specifically measured.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This standard and ISO 176 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2023
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.15 - Thermoplastic Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1203-22 - Standard Test Methods for Volatile Loss from Plastics Using Activated Carbon Methods
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM D883-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM D883-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2022
Referred By
ASTM D7176-22 - Standard Specification for Non-Reinforced Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Geomembranes Used in Buried Applications
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D4068-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) Sheeting for Concealed Water-Containment Membrane
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D8065/D8065M-16(2023) - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Specifying Plastic Films
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D1593-22 - Standard Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Plastic Film and Sheeting
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D5926-15(2020) - Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Gaskets for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary, and Storm Plumbing Systems
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D3690-19 - Standard Performance Specification for Vinyl-Coated and Urethane-Coated Upholstery Fabrics—Indoor
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D4551-22 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D2287-19 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Polymer and Copolymer Molding and Extrusion Compounds
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1203 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
Volatile Loss from Plastics Using Activated Carbon
1
Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1203; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of volatile
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
loss from a plastic material under defined conditions of time
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
and temperature, using activated carbon as the immersion
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
medium.
tics
1.2 Two test methods are covered as follows:
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
1.2.1 Test Method A, Direct Contact with Activated
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Carbon—In this test method the plastic material is in direct Determine the Precision of a Test Method
contact with the carbon. This test method is particularly useful
E2935 Practice for Evaluating Equivalence of Two Testing
in the rapid comparison of a large number of plastic specimens. Processes
1.2.2 Test Method B, Wire Cage—This test method pre-
2.2 Other Documents:
scribes the use of a wire cage, which prevents direct contact
ISO 176 Determination of the Loss of Plasticizers from
3
between the plastic material and the carbon. By eliminating the
Plastics by the Activated Carbon Method
direct contact, the migration of the volatile components to the
surrounding carbon is minimized and loss by volatilization is
3. Terminology
more specifically measured.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms in this test method
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the relating to plastics, refer to Terminology D883. For abbrevia-
standard. tions used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1600,
unless otherwise indicated.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 For definitions of terms that appear in this test method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
relating to quality and statistics, refer to Terminology E456.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Significance and Use
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The test methods are intended to be rapid empirical tests
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 176 address the same subject matter,
but differ in technical content. which have been found to be useful in the relative comparison
of materials having the same nominal thickness.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
NOTE 2—When the plastic material contains plasticizer, loss from the
plastic is assumed to be primarily plasticizer. The effect of moisture is
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
considered to be negligible.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 4.2 Correlation with ultimate application for various plastic
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. materials shall be determined by the user.
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Materials. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D1203 – 22. DOI: Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D1203-23. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1203 − 23
5. Apparatus prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618.
Preferably, specimens shall be suspended to assure free air
5.1 Balance—Analytical balance with a resolutio
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1203 − 22 D1203 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
Volatile Loss from Plastics Using Activated Carbon
1
Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1203; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of volatile loss from a plastic material under defined conditions of time and
temperature, using activated carbon as the immersion medium.
1.2 Two test methods are covered as follows:
1.2.1 Test Method A, Direct Contact with Activated Carbon—In this test method the plastic material is in direct contact with the
carbon. This test method is particularly useful in the rapid comparison of a large number of plastic specimens.
1.2.2 Test Method B, Wire Cage—This test method prescribes the use of a wire cage, which prevents direct contact between the
plastic material and the carbon. By eliminating the direct contact, the migration of the volatile components to the surrounding
carbon is minimized and loss by volatilization is more specifically measured.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 176 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials
(Section D20.15.07 on Vinyls). .
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022Nov. 1, 2023. Published September 2022November 2023. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20212022
as D1203 – 21.D1203 – 22. DOI: 10.1520/D1203-22.10.1520/D1203-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1203 − 23
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E617 Specification for Laboratory Weights and Precision Mass Standards
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2935 Practice for Evaluating Equivalence of Two Testing Processes
2.2 Other Documents:
3
ISO 176 Determination of the Loss of Plasticizers from Plastics by the Activated Carbon Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms in this test method relating to plastics, refer to Terminology D883. For abbreviations used
in this test method, refer to Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 For definitions of terms that appear in this test method relating to quality and statistics, refer to Terminology E456.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The test methods are intended to be rapid empirical tests which have been found to be useful in the relative comparison of
materials having the same nominal thickness.
NOTE 2—When the plastic material contains plasticizer, loss from the plastic is assumed to be primarily plasticizer. The effect of moisture is considered
to be negligible.
4.2 Correlation with ultimate application for various plastic materials shall be determined by the user.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Balance—An accurate
...

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ASTM
ASTM D5024-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Compression

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using very small amounts of material. The data obtained can be used for quality control and/or research and development purposes. For some classes of materials, such as thermosets, it can also be used to establish optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables provide graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess:  
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,  
5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, make reference to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins as well as composite systems in the form of cylindrical specimens molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The compression data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the thermomechanical properties (as a function of a number of viscoelastic variables) for a wide variety of plastic materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques as outlined in Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus, loss (viscous) modulus, complex modulus, and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material system.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized pr...

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ASTM
ASTM D695-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4000-23(Classification)
Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this classification system is to provide a method of adequately identifying plastic materials in order to give industry a system that can be used universally for plastic materials. It further provides a means for specifying these materials by the use of a simple line call-out designation.  
4.2 This classification system was developed to permit the addition of property values for future plastics.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a classification system for tabulating the properties of unfilled, filled, and reinforced plastic materials suitable for processing into parts.
Note 1: The classification system serves many of the needs of industries using plastic materials. The standard is subject to revision as the need requires; therefore, the latest revision should always be used.  
1.2 The classification system and subsequent line call-out (specification) is intended to be a means of identifying plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection should be made by those having expertise in the plastics field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the inherent properties of the material not covered in this document, and the economic factors.  
1.3 This classification system is based on the premise that plastic materials can be arranged into broad generic families using basic properties to arrange the materials into groups, classes, and grades. A system is thus established which, together with values describing additional requirements, permits as complete a description as desired of the selected material.  
1.4 In all cases where the provisions of this classification system would conflict with the referenced ASTM specification for a particular material, the latter shall take precedence.  
Note 2: When using this classification system the two-letter, three-digit suffix system applies.
Note 3: When a material is used to fabricate a part where the requirements are too specific for a broad material call-out, it is advisable for the user to consult the supplier to secure a call-out of the properties to suit the actual conditions to which the part is to be subjected.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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