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ASTM G110-92(2009)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys by Immersion in Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide Solution

Standard Practice for Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys by Immersion in Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide Solution

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is especially useful for evaluating the adequacy of quenching when performed on material in the as-quenched condition. The practice may also be used to study the effect of subsequent thermal processes (for example, paint or bonding cures) or of actual precipitation treatments on the inherent type of corrosion. Intergranular corrosion resistance of heat treatable aluminum alloys is often directly related to the quenching conditions applied after solution heat treatment and to the subsequent aging treatment.  
This practice is not well suited for non-heat treatable work hardening aluminum alloys, such as the 1XXX, 3XXX, and 5XXX series (see Test Method G 67).
This practice does not deal with the interpretation of resulting intergranular corrosion. The significance of the extent and depth of any intergranular corrosion resulting from this test is to be agreed upon between producer and user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for immersion tests in sodium chloride + hydrogen peroxide solution. It is primarily for tests of wrought heat treatable aluminum alloys (2XXX and 7XXX) but may be used for other aluminum alloys, including castings. It sets forth the specimen preparation procedures and the environmental conditions of the test and the means for controlling them.
1.2 This practice is intended for evaluations during alloy development and for evaluating production where it may serve as a control test on the quality of successive lots of the same material (see MIL-H-6088 and U.S. Federal Test Method Std. 151b). Therefore strict test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that variations in results are attributable to lot-to-lot differences in the material being tested.  
Note 1—This practice does not address sampling or interpretation or significance of results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2009
ICS
77.120.10 - Aluminium and aluminium alloys
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.05 - Laboratory Corrosion Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G110-92(2003)e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys by Immersion in Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide Solution
Effective Date
01-May-2009
Referred By
ASTM G31-21 - Standard Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals
Effective Date
01-May-2009
Referred By
ASTM B917/B917M-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castings From All Processes
Effective Date
01-May-2009

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ASTM G110-92(2009) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys by Immersion in Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide SolutionASTM G110-92(2009) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys by Immersion in Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide Solution
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ASTM G110-92(2009) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys by Immersion in Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide Solution
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G110 − 92(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Heat
Treatable Aluminum Alloys by Immersion in Sodium
Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide Solution
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E407 Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for immersion tests
sion Test Specimens
in sodium chloride + hydrogen peroxide solution. It is primar-
G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Test-
ily for tests of wrought heat treatable aluminum alloys (2XXX
ing (Withdrawn 2010)
and 7XXX) but may be used for other aluminum alloys,
G67 Test Method for Determining the Susceptibility to
including castings. It sets forth the specimen preparation
Intergranular Corrosion of 5XXX Series Aluminum Al-
proceduresandtheenvironmentalconditionsofthetestandthe
loysbyMassLossAfterExposuretoNitricAcid(NAMLT
means for controlling them.
Test)
1.2 This practice is intended for evaluations during alloy
G69 Test Method for Measurement of Corrosion Potentials
development and for evaluating production where it may serve
of Aluminum Alloys
as a control test on the quality of successive lots of the same
2.2 Other Documents:
material (see MIL-H-6088 and U.S. Federal Test Method Std.
U.S. Military Specification MIL-H-6088 Heat Treatment of
151b). Therefore strict test conditions are stipulated for maxi- 4
Aluminum Alloys
mum assurance that variations in results are attributable to
U.S. Federal Test Method, Std. No. 151b Method 822.1,
lot-to-lot differences in the material being tested. 4
Intergranular Corrosion Test for Aluminum Alloys
NOTE 1—This practice does not address sampling or interpretation or
3. Summary of Practice
significance of results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3.1 This practice consists of immersing etched test speci-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this mens in a sodium chloride + hydrogen peroxide solution for 6
or more hours. After immersion, metallographic sections are
standard.
examined to determine the extent of intergranular corrosion
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(see Terminology G15).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 This practice is especially useful for evaluating the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
adequacy of quenching when performed on material in the
as-quenched condition. The practice may also be used to study
2. Referenced Documents
2 the effect of subsequent thermal processes (for example, paint
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or bonding cures) or of actual precipitation treatments on the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
inherenttypeofcorrosion.Intergranularcorrosionresistanceof
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
heat treatable aluminum alloys is often directly related to the
quenching conditions applied after solution heat treatment and
1 to the subsequent aging treatment.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory
Corrosion Tests.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
´1
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as G110–92(2003) . www.astm.org.
DOI: 10.1520/G0110-92R09. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Building 4, Section D,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Lifka, B. W., and Sprowls, D. O., “Significance of Intergranular Corrosion of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on High Strength Aluminum Alloy Products,” Localized Corrosion Cause of Metal
the ASTM website. Failure, ASTM STP 516, 1972, pp. 120–144.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G110 − 92 (2009)
4.2 This practice is not well suited for non-heat treatable 7.5 Prior to immersion in the test solution, immerse each
work hardening aluminum alloys, such as the 1XXX, 3XXX, specimen for 1 min in the etching cleaner (see 6.1) at 93°C.
and 5XXX series (see Test Method G67). Rinse in reagent water. Immerse in concentrated nitric acid
(70 %) for 1 min. Rinse in reagent water and air dry.
4.3 This practice does not deal with the interpretation of
resulting intergranular corrosion.The significance of the extent
8. Test Setup
anddepthofanyintergranularcorrosionresultingfromthistest
8.1 The test vessel should be of nonmetallic material of
is to be agreed upon between producer and user.
sufficient size to hold at least 5 mL of test solution per square
cm of specimen surface area.
5. Reagents
8.2 More than one specimen may be placed in a test vessel,
5.1 Reagentgradechemicals[sodiumchloride(NaCl),70 %
provided specimens do not contact each other and provided
nitric acid (HNO ), 48 % hydrofluoric acid (HF), 37 % hydro-
condition outlined in 8.1 is observed.
chloric acid (HCl), and 30 % hydrogen peroxide (H O )] shall
2 2
be used for preparation of all
...

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ASTM G67-24(Test Method)
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4.1 This test method provides a quantitative measure of the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Mn alloys. The nitric acid dissolves a second phase, an aluminum-magnesium intermetallic compound (βAl-Mg), in preference to the solid solution of magnesium in the aluminum matrix. When this compound is precipitated in a relatively continuous network along grain boundaries, the effect of the preferential attack is to corrode around the grains, causing them to fall away from the specimens. Such dropping out of the grains causes relatively large mass losses of the order of 25 mg/cm2  to 75 mg/cm2  (160 mg/in.2 to 480 mg/in.2), whereas, samples of intergranular-resistant materials lose only about 1 mg/cm2 to 15 mg/cm2 (10 mg/in.2 to 100 mg/in.2). When the βAl-Mg compound is randomly distributed, the preferential attack can result in intermediate mass losses. Metallographic examination is required in such cases to establish whether or not the loss in mass is the result of intergranular attack.  
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ASTM G103-97(2023)e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking Resistance of Low Copper 7XXX Series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys in Boiling 6 % Sodium Chloride Solution

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is normally used for stress-corrosion screening for the development of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys containing less than 0.26 % copper. Effects on stress-corrosion resistance due to variables such as composition, thermo-mechanical processing, other fabrication variables, and magnitude of applied stress may be compared.  
4.2 For a given mechanical method of stressing, the relative stress-corrosion resistance of the low copper Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys in atmospheric exposure correlates better with performance in boiling 6 % sodium chloride solution than with other accelerated testing media (7-9). In addition, this practice is relatively rapid.  
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4.3.1 For 7XXX series alloys containing between 0.26 % and 1.2 % copper, there is no general agreement as to whether this practice or Practice G44 correlates better with stress-corrosion resistance in service (5-8, 10).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice primarily covers the test medium which may be used with a variety of test specimens and methods of applying stress. Exposure times, criteria of failure, and so on, are variable and not specified.  
1.2 This stress-corrosion testing practice is intended for statically loaded smooth non-welded or welded specimens of 7XXX series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys containing less than 0.26 % copper.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM G110-92(2022)e2(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys by Immersion in Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide Solution

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is especially useful for evaluating the adequacy of quenching when performed on material in the as-quenched condition. The practice may also be used to study the effect of subsequent thermal processes (for example, paint or bonding cures) or of actual precipitation treatments on the inherent type of corrosion. Intergranular corrosion resistance of heat treatable aluminum alloys is often directly related to the quenching conditions applied after solution heat treatment and to the subsequent aging treatment.4  
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4.2 This guide is a compilation of the experience of investigators skilled in the art of conducting exfoliation tests and assessing the degree and significance of the damage encountered. The focus is on two general aspects: guides to techniques that will enhance the likelihood of obtaining reliable information, and tips and procedures to avoid pitfalls that could lead to erroneous results and conclusions.  
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3.1 The corrosion potential of an aluminum alloy depends upon the amounts of certain alloying elements that the alloy contains in solid solution. Copper and zinc, which are two of the major alloying elements for aluminum, have the greatest effect with copper shifting the potential in the noble or positive direction, and zinc in the active or negative direction. For example, commercially unalloyed aluminum (1100 alloy) has a potential of –750 mV when measured in accordance with this method, 2024–T3 alloy with nearly all of its nominal 4.3 % copper in solid solution, a potential of –600 mV to –620 mV, depending upon the rate of quenching and 7072 alloy with nearly all of its nominal 1.0 % zinc in solid solution, a potential of –885 mV (SCE) (1-3).3  
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Note 1: The corrosion potential is sometimes referred to as the open-circuit solution or rest potential. See Terminology G193.  
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4.1 HIP of castings should be performed in the as cast condition. Post HIP inspection of castings should result in a reduction of porosity that is evident in x-ray grade and properties.  
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1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM G67-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion of 5XXX Series Aluminum Alloys by Mass Loss After Exposure to Nitric Acid (NAMLT Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a quantitative measure of the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Mn alloys. The nitric acid dissolves a second phase, an aluminum-magnesium intermetallic compound (βAl-Mg), in preference to the solid solution of magnesium in the aluminum matrix. When this compound is precipitated in a relatively continuous network along grain boundaries, the effect of the preferential attack is to corrode around the grains, causing them to fall away from the specimens. Such dropping out of the grains causes relatively large mass losses of the order of 25 mg/cm2  to 75 mg/cm2  (160 mg/in.2 to 480 mg/in.2), whereas, samples of intergranular-resistant materials lose only about 1 mg/cm2 to 15 mg/cm2 (10 mg/in.2 to 100 mg/in.2). When the βAl-Mg compound is randomly distributed, the preferential attack can result in intermediate mass losses. Metallographic examination is required in such cases to establish whether or not the loss in mass is the result of intergranular attack.  
4.2 The precipitation of the second phase in the grain boundaries also gives rise to intergranular corrosion when the material is exposed to chloride-containing natural environments, such as seacoast atmospheres or sea water. The extent to which the alloy will be susceptible to intergranular corrosion depends upon the degree of precipitate continuity in the grain boundaries. Visible manifestations of the attack may be in various forms such as pitting, exfoliation, or stress-corrosion cracking, depending upon the morphology of the grain structure and the presence of sustained tensile stress.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, also known as the Nitric Acid Mass Loss Test (NAMLT), covers a procedure for constant immersion intergranular corrosion testing of 5XXX series aluminum alloys.  
1.2 This test method is applicable only to wrought products.  
1.3 This test method covers type of specimen, specimen preparation, test environment, and method of exposure.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers 6101 aluminum-alloy extruded bar, rod, tube, pipe, (Schedules 40 and 80), structural profiles, and profiles in selected tempers for use as electric conductors. The bars, rods, tubes, pipes, structural profiles and profiles shall be produced by hot extrusion or by similar methods. Pipe or tube may be produced through porthole or bridge type dies. Tensile properties of the specimens such as tensile and yield strengths and bending shall be determined by tension test and bending test, respectively. Electrical resistivity and conductivity shall be determined.
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1.1 This specification covers 6101 aluminum-alloy extruded bar, rod, tube, pipe, (Schedules 40 and 80), structural profiles, and profiles in selected tempers for use as electric conductors as follows:  
1.1.1 Type B—Hot-finished bar, rod, tube, pipe, structural profiles and profiles in T6, T61, T63, T64, T65, and H111 tempers with Type B tolerances, as shown in the “List of ANSI Tables of Dimensional Tolerances.”  
1.1.2 Type C—Hot-finished rectangular bar in T6, T61, T63, T64, T65, and H111 tempers with Type C tolerances as listed in the tolerances and permissible variations tables.  
1.2 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance with ANSI H35.1. The equivalent Unified Numbering System alloy designation in accordance with Practice E527 is A96101 for Alloy 6101.  
Note 1: Type A material, last covered in the 1966 issue of this specification, is no longer available; therefore, requirements for cold-finished rectangular bar have been deleted.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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  • Technical specification
    8 pages
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ASTM
ASTM B921-08(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Non-hexavalent Chromium Conversion Coatings on Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements relating to rinsed and non-rinsed non-hexavalent chromium conversion coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys intended to retard corrosion; as a base for organic films including paints, plastics, and adhesives; and as.a protective coating having a low electrical contact impedance. Coatings are categorized into four classes according to corrosion protection and finish. The type of conversion coating depends on the composition of the solution and may also be affected by pH, temperature, duration of the treatment, and the nature and surface condition. Films are normally applied by dipping, but may also be applied by inundation, spraying, roller coating, or by wipe-on techniques. Coatings shall adhere to specified electrical resistance, adhesion, and corrosion resistance requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements relating to rinsed and non-rinsed non-hexavalent chromium conversion coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys intended to give protection against corrosion and as a base for other coatings.  
1.2 Aluminum and aluminum alloys are conversion coated in order to retard corrosion; as a base for organic films including paints, plastics, and adhesives; and as a protective coating having a low electrical contact impedance.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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