ASTM D2718-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Planar Shear (Rolling Shear)
Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Planar Shear (Rolling Shear)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Planar shear (rolling shear) characteristics of structural panels determined by these test methods are essential for the rigorous design of various glued wood-panel structural components, such as box beams, folded plate roofs, and stressed skin panels. Planar shear also may govern the design at low span-depth ratios encountered in floors subjected to high concentrated loads, concrete forms at high pouring pressures, and bulk storage structures.
3.2 The modulus of rigidity determined from Test Method A is a composite of the entire specimen acting as a unit. For plywood panels for which the ratio between the shear moduli of the plies with grain oriented parallel and perpendicular to the shear forces is known, the rolling shear modulus of the perpendicular plies can be calculated.
3.3 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Knife checks can have a significant effect on rolling shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in other veneer containing panels. Test Method A requires (when applicable) the testing of matching specimens having knife checks oriented both open and closed wherever possible (see Fig. 1).
3.4 To control or define other variables influencing rolling shear, these test methods require determination of moisture content, specific gravity, and elapsed time-to-failure. Conditioning of test material in controlled atmospheres, determination of depth of knife checks (when applicable), and determination of percent of wood and plywood glueline failure (when applicable) are recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the shear properties of structural panels associated with shear distortion of the planes parallel to the edge planes of the panels. Both shear strength and modulus of rigidity may be determined. Primarily, the tests measure the planar shear (rolling shear) strength developed in the plane of the panel.
1.2 Structural panels in use include, but are not limited to, structural plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
1.3 Two test methods are included:
1.3.1 Test Method A—Planar shear loaded by plates.
1.3.2 Test Method B—Planar shear induced by five-point bending.
1.3.3 The choice of method will be dictated by the purpose of the test and equipment available.
1.3.4 Test Method A, Planar Shear Loaded by Plates—This test method uses a rectangular panel section adhered between steel plates with protruding knife edges to create load at the panel faces. This test method has been used to develop shear properties of plywood and oriented strand board for the purpose of confirming design values. This test method does not produce pure shear, but the specimen length is prescribed so that the secondary stresses have a minimum effect. The method determines shear strength and modulus of rigidity.
1.3.5 Test Method B, Planar Shear Induced by Five-Point Bending—Planar shear stress is induced on the panel while loaded in bending using two continuous spans. This test method determines planar shear strength consistent with panel applications under transverse loading. This test method is able to determine shear strength at any moisture condition.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. When there are values given in parentheses, these are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this stan...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2718 − 24
Standard Test Methods for
1
Structural Panels in Planar Shear (Rolling Shear)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2718; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 These test methods determine the shear properties of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
structural panels associated with shear distortion of the planes
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
parallel to the edge planes of the panels. Both shear strength
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and modulus of rigidity may be determined. Primarily, the tests
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
measure the planar shear (rolling shear) strength developed in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the plane of the panel.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 Structural panels in use include, but are not limited to,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
structural plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and compos-
ites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
2. Referenced Documents
2
1.3 Two test methods are included:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3.1 Test Method A—Planar shear loaded by plates.
D2395 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.3.2 Test Method B—Planar shear induced by five-point
tive Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
bending.
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
1.3.3 The choice of method will be dictated by the purpose
ment of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
of the test and equipment available.
1.3.4 Test Method A, Planar Shear Loaded by Plates—This 3. Significance and Use
test method uses a rectangular panel section adhered between
3.1 Planar shear (rolling shear) characteristics of structural
steel plates with protruding knife edges to create load at the
panels determined by these test methods are essential for the
panel faces. This test method has been used to develop shear
rigorous design of various glued wood-panel structural
properties of plywood and oriented strand board for the
components, such as box beams, folded plate roofs, and
purpose of confirming design values. This test method does not
stressed skin panels. Planar shear also may govern the design
produce pure shear, but the specimen length is prescribed so
at low span-depth ratios encountered in floors subjected to high
that the secondary stresses have a minimum effect. The method
concentrated loads, concrete forms at high pouring pressures,
determines shear strength and modulus of rigidity.
and bulk storage structures.
1.3.5 Test Method B, Planar Shear Induced by Five-Point
3.2 The modulus of rigidity determined from Test Method A
Bending—Planar shear stress is induced on the panel while
is a composite of the entire specimen acting as a unit. For
loaded in bending using two continuous spans. This test
plywood panels for which the ratio between the shear moduli
method determines planar shear strength consistent with panel
of the plies with grain oriented parallel and perpendicular to the
applications under transverse loading. This test method is able
shear forces is known, the rolling shear modulus of the
to determine shear strength at any moisture condition.
perpendicular plies can be calculated.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.3 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may
as standard. When there are values given in parentheses, these
contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the
are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced
information only and are not considered standard.
through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
2
Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2024. Published Febru
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2718 − 18 D2718 − 24
Standard Test Methods for
1
Structural Panels in Planar Shear (Rolling Shear)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2718; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods determine the shear properties of structural panels associated with shear distortion of the planes parallel
to the edge planes of the panels. Both shear strength and modulus of rigidity may be determined. Primarily, the tests measure the
planar shear (rolling shear) strength developed in the plane of the panel.
1.2 Structural panels in use include, but are not limited to, structural plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and composites of
veneer and of wood-based layers.
1.3 Two test methods are included:
1.3.1 Test Method A—Planar shear loaded by plates.
1.3.2 Test Method B—Planar shear induced by five-point bending.
1.3.3 The choice of method will be dictated by the purpose of the test and equipment available.
1.3.4 Test Method A, Planar Shear Loaded by Plates—This test method uses a rectangular panel section adhered between steel
plates with protruding knife edges to create load at the panel faces. This test method has been used to develop shear properties
of plywood and oriented strand board for the purpose of confirming design values. This test method does not produce pure shear,
but the specimen length is prescribed so that the secondary stresses have a minimum effect. The method determines shear strength
and modulus of rigidity.
1.3.5 Test Method B, Planar Shear Induced by Five-Point Bending—Planar shear stress is induced on the panel while loaded in
bending using two continuous spans. This test method determines planar shear strength consistent with panel applications under
transverse loading. This test method is able to determine shear strength at any moisture condition.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. When there are values given in parentheses, these are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This test method isThese test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel
Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018Feb. 15, 2024. Published November 2018February 2024. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20112018
ɛ1
as D2718 – 00 (2011)D2718 – 18. . DOI: 10.1520/D2718-18.10.1520/D2718-24.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2718 − 24
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2395 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Planar shear (rolling shear) characteristics of structural panels determined by these test methods are essential for the rigorous
design of various glued wood-panel structural components, such as box beams, folded plate roofs, and stressed skin panels. Planar
shear also may govern the design at low span-depth ratios encountered in floors subjected to high concentrated loads, concrete
forms at high pouring pressures, and bulk storage structures.
3.2 The modulus of rigidity determined from Test Method A is a composite of the entire specimen acting as a unit. For plywood
panels for which the ratio between the shear moduli of the plies with grain oriented parallel and perpendicular to the shear forces
is known, the
...
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