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ASTM D5456-21e1

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products

Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products

ABSTRACT
This specification recognizes the complexity of structural glued products. This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable to structural composite lumber portions of manufactured structural components. Tests shall be performed to determine the properties of the material in accordance to the following test methods: moisture content measurement; bending; tension parallel to grain; compression parallel to grain; compression perpendicular to grain; longitudinal shear; connections; bond quality; product durability; edgewise bending durability; lateral edge nail durability; thickness swell; and density gradient through the thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of structural glued products. Consequently, this specification covers both specific procedures and statements of intent that sampling and analysis must relate to the specific product.  
1.2 This specification was developed in the light of currently manufactured products as defined in 3.2. Materials that do not conform to the definitions are beyond the scope of this specification. A brief discussion is found in Appendix X2.  
1.3 Details of manufacturing procedures are beyond the scope of this specification.  
Note 1: There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affect the properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time. Users of this specification are advised to consider the commentary on this topic in Appendix X2.  
1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dry service conditions defined in the governing code-referenced design standards, such as in most covered structures. The conditioning environment of 6.3 is considered representative of such uses.  
1.5 The performance of structural composite lumber is affected by wood species, wood element size and shape, and adhesive and production parameters. Therefore, products produced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity in characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers. Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one facility, each production facility shall be evaluated independently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to the full qualification program in accordance with this specification shall be approved by the independent qualifying agency.  
1.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate a composite lumber product intended for use as a structural material.  
1.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling, mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and design value assignments. Requirements for a quality-control program and cumulative evaluations are included to ensure maintenance of allowable design values for the product.  
1.8 This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable to structural composite lumber portions of manufactured structural components.  
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jan-2021
ICS
79.060.01 - Wood-based panels in general
Technical Committee
D07 - Wood
Drafting Committee
D07.02 - Lumber and Engineered Wood Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D4442-20 - Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Refers
ASTM D1761-20 - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Wood and Wood-Based Materials
Effective Date
15-Apr-2020

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ASTM D5456-21e1 - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber ProductsASTM D5456-21e1 - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
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ASTM D5456-21e1 - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation:D5456 −21
Standard Specification for
1
Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Eq X5.1 was corrected editorially in June 2021.
INTRODUCTION
Structural composite lumber is intended for use as an engineering material for a variety of end-use
applications. The composition of the lumber varies by wood species, adhesive composition, wood
element size, shape, and arrangement. To provide the intended performance, composite lumber
products require: (1) an evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties and their response to
end-use environments, and (2) establishment of and conformance to standard performance specifica-
tions for quality.
Procedures contained in this specification are also to be used for establishing the design properties
and for checking the effectiveness of property assignment and quality assurance procedures.
The quality assurance sections in this specification are intended to serve as a basis for designing
quality-control programs specific to each product. The objective is to ensure that design values
established in the qualification process are maintained.
This specification is arranged as follows:
Section
Qualification 6
Determination of Allowable Design 7
Stresses
Independent Inspection 8
Quality Assurance 10
1. Scope 1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dry
service conditions defined in the governing code-referenced
1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of struc-
design standards, such as in most covered structures. The
tural glued products. Consequently, this specification covers
conditioningenvironmentof6.3isconsideredrepresentativeof
bothspecificproceduresandstatementsofintentthatsampling
such uses.
and analysis must relate to the specific product.
1.2 This specification was developed in the light of cur-
1.5 The performance of structural composite lumber is
rently manufactured products as defined in 3.2. Materials that
affected by wood species, wood element size and shape, and
do not conform to the definitions are beyond the scope of this
adhesive and production parameters. Therefore, products pro-
specification. A brief discussion is found in Appendix X2.
duced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to
1.3 Details of manufacturing procedures are beyond the determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity
scope of this specification. incharacteristicstoproductsproducedbyothermanufacturers.
Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one
NOTE 1—There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affect
facility, each production facility shall be evaluated indepen-
the properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time.
Users of this specification are advised to consider the commentary on this
dently.Foradditionalproductionfacilities,anyrevisionstothe
topic in Appendix X2.
full qualification program in accordance with this specification
shall be approved by the independent qualifying agency.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD07.02onLumberandEngineered 1.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers,
Wood Products.
regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate a
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021. Published March 2021. Originally
ɛ1 composite lumber product intended for use as a structural
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D5456–19 . DOI:
10.1520/D5456-21E01. material.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D5456−21
1.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling, D1761Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners inWood and
mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and design value Wood-Based Materials
assignments. Requirements for a quality-control program and D2132Test Method for Dust-and-FogTracking and Erosion
cumulative evaluations are included to ensure maintenance of Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials
allowable design values for the product. D2394TestMethodsforSimulatedServiceTestingofWood
and Wood-Based Finish Flooring
1.8 Thisspecification,orpartsthereof,shallbeapplicableto
D2395TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
structur
...

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4.1 Machining tests are made to determine the working qualities and characteristics of different species of wood and of different wood-based panel materials under a variety of machine operations such as are encountered in commercial manufacturing practice. The tests provide a systematic basis for comparing the behavior of different products with respect to woodworking machine operations and of evaluating their potential suitability for certain uses where these properties are of prime importance.
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4.1 Many physical and mechanical properties of wood and wood-based materials change in response to the environmental equilibrium moisture content, and any comparison of these properties must take moisture content into account. A consistent base for comparison among different test samples and different laboratories is necessary. Shrinkage and dimensional change in particular are dependent on moisture content, and tests involving their measurement must be conducted with good equilibrium moisture content control. Conditioning can also be important in industrial settings where there are optimum moisture content levels for many products and processes, and conformance to these levels can reduce losses in quality and yield.
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5.1 Voluntary forest certification systems have become an important factor in promoting sustainable forest management. The standards in use are highly variable, however. Even within a family of standards with a common label there is the potential for wide variations in practices. This prevents producers and consumers from using a certification label to characterize products according to a specific set of qualities or values. This practice creates a framework to differentiate products based on a set of qualities and values identified as important in the market for wood products. (A) See Appendix X3 for discussion of additional concepts related to sub-categorization of certified sources.(B) For the purposes of categorizing products under this practice, distributors and retailers can rely on “on-product” labels for chain of custody or a certified procurement system if they are not engaged in significant value-added processing or remanufacture. In lieu of an on‐product label, a certificate of compliance indicating conformance with the applicable chain of custody or certified procurement system is permitted.  
5.2 This practice is intended to be used by producers, distributors, retailers, or consumers who wish to understand where a product fits within three categories. At a minimum, the user will need to know the geographic origin of the wood going into a product and whether it is labeled or otherwise certified to a procurement system or chain of custody based on a voluntary forest management or certification standard. Producers who want to use this practice must be able to identify the geographic origin of the wood to at least the level needed to support the claims to consumers associated with a given category and described in 6.1.
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1.1 This practice sets forth minimum criteria and evaluation requirements for products employing the use of different systems to trace wood fiber to sources operating under different forest management or forest certification systems.  
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide wood products manufacturers, distributors, and retailers with a system to provide clear, objective information to communicate to consumers regarding product conformance to different wood fiber tracing systems within specific forest management or forest certification programs. It provides a structure that segregates the different types of labels and tracing systems in use among major forest certification standards and other voluntary and regulatory standards governing the production of forest products.
Note 1: The principles in this practice apply internationally, provided that the required information is available to support categorization. For example, products certified to the globally recognized forest certification standards will meet the “Certified Sources” category regardless of their origin, and documented risk assessments (noted in Appendix X5) provide the basis upon which raw materials sourced from Canada and the United States can be deemed to meet the “Legal Sources” category. To categorize raw materials sourced outside of Canada and the United States as “Legal Sources,” it is recommended that the adopting entity develop supplemental provisions to address country-specific issues as needed.  
1.2.1 This practice provides an objective basis to differentiate among:
1.2.1.1 Non-controversial (that is, legal) sources of forest products,
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3.1 Most of the methoxyl in wood is attributable to the lignin. This test method is used extensively in the study of lignin.
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4.1 The hygroscopic properties of wood and wood-based products treated with fire-retardant chemicals are often greater than for untreated products. This is particularly true at the higher relative humidity conditions. This higher hygroscopicity sometimes is the cause for staining, decay, poor paint adhesion, and migration and exuding of chemicals and moisture at the high humidities. Corrosion of metal fasteners sometimes also occurs.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method prescribes the procedure for determining the hygroscopicity of fire retardant treated wood products by determining the moisture content of fire-retardant-treated wood and wood-based product specimens after exposure to a test condition of 92 ± 2 % relative humidity at 81 ± 4°F [27 ± 2°C].  
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