ASTM D806-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cement Content of Hardened Soil-Cement Mixtures
Standard Test Method for Cement Content of Hardened Soil-Cement Mixtures
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by chemical analysis of cement content of hardened soil-cement mixtures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard precautions, see section 5.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D 806 – 00
Standard Test Method for
Cement Content of Hardened Soil-Cement Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
poses
1.1 This test method covers the determination by chemical
E 145 Specifications for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
analysis of cement content of hardened soil-cement mixtures.
Ventilation Ovens
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
E 832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Practice D 6026.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions:
standard.
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology D 653 for definitions of terms
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
relating to soil.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 Refer to Terminologies C 125 and C 219 for defini-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tions of terms relating to cement.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
4. Significance and Use
precautions, see Section 6.
4.1 This test method determines cement content in mixtures
of cement with soil or aggregate by chemical analysis. It was
2. Referenced Documents
developed primarily for testing samples for which a significant
2.1 ASTM Standards:
degree of cement hydration or hardening has taken place. Test
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
Methods D 2901 or D 5982 may be used for determining
Aggregates
2 cement content of freshly mixed soil-cement mixtures.
C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
4.2 This test method is based on determination by chemical
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
3 analysis of the calcium oxide (CaO) content of the sample.The
Fluids
method may not be applicable to soil-cement materials con-
D 2901 Test Method for Cement Content of Freshly Mixed
3 taining soils or aggregates which yield significant amounts of
Soil-Cement
dissolved calcium oxide (CaO) under the conditions of the test.
D 3740 Practice for the Minimum Requirements for Agen-
cies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and
NOTE 1—The agency performing this test method can be evaluated in
Rock Used in Engineering Design and Construction accordance with Practice D 3740. Not withstanding statements on preci-
sion and bias contained in this test method: the precision of this test
D 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Speci-
methodisdependentonthecompetenceofthepersonnelperformingitand
fying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil, Rock, and
the suitability of the equipment and facilities used.Agencies that meet the
Construction Materials Testing
criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent
D 5982 Test Method for Determining Cement Content of
and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that
Fresh Soil-Cement (Heat of Neutralization Method)
compliance with Practice D 3740 does not, in itself, ensure reliable
D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Calculating
testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740
and Reporting Geotechnical Test Data provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
5. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil
5.1 Analytical Balance—An analytical balance conforming
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization
to the requirements of Class GP2 in Specification D 4753 and
with Admixtures.
with Class S weights.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2000. Published April 2000. Originally
published as D 806 – 44 T. Last previous edition D 806 – 96.
5.2 Filter Paper—FilterpaperincludingWhatmanNo.1,11
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
and 15 cm in diameter; Whatman No. 41, 15 cm in diameter;
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
and Whatman No. 2, 11 or 15 cm in diameter.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 806
5.3 Fifty-Millilitre-Pipet. 8. Procedure
5.4 Drying Oven—Thermostatically controlled, preferably
8.1 Dry 25 g of each of the samples in an oven to constant
of the forced-air type, meeting the requirements of Specifica-
mass at 110 6 5°C (230 6 9°F) to remove free water. Reduce
tion E 145 and capable of maintaining a uniform temperature
the samples to pass a No. 40- (425 µm-) sieve.
of 110 6 5°C throughout the drying chamber.
8.2 Using an analytical balance, prepare the following
5.5 Miscellaneous Apparatus—Supplementary equipment,
amounts for each of the samples: raw soil, 5 g; soil-cement
such as electric ovens, hot plates, a small riffle, a No. 40- (425
mixture, 5 g; and cement, 1 g. Place each of the weighed
µm-) sieve with bottom pan and cover, a cast iron mortar and
samples in a 250-mL beaker.Add 50 mL of HCl (1 + 1) (Note
pestle, and a ball mill if possible.
3) to each sample, cover, and boil gently for 5 min on the hot
plate.
6. Reagents
NOTE 3—In the case of the cement sample, it is usually preferable first
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
toadd40mLofwaterandthenstirtoobtainathoroughmixture.Thenadd
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
10 mL of HCl (sp gr 1.19) and boil gently just long enough to obtain
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit- decomposition of the cement. Vigorous or extended boiling of soil or
cement samples is seldom necessary, and often results in much slower
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
filtration.
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
8.3 Add 25 mL of hot water to the beakers, stir, allow to
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
settle momentarily, and then decant the contents through a
accuracy of the determination.
Whatman No. 1 filter paper (Note 4), preferably 15 cm in
6.2 Potassium Permanganate, Standard Solution (0.1 N)—
diameter. The filtrate should be received in a 250-mLvolumet-
Prepare and standardize a 0.1 N KMnO solution.
4 ric flask. When the liquid has passed through the filter paper,
wash the residue once by decantation, using hot water; then
NOTE 2—The use of a standard 0.1 N KMnO solution is not necessary
transfer it to the filter, using a stream of hot water. The beaker
when the samples are titrated in accordance with 8.9 and the results are
calculated in accordance with 9.2. should be rapidly policed, the loosened material being trans-
ferred to the filter paper. The material on the filter should then
6.3 Ammonium Nitrate Solution—Dissolve 20 g of NH NO
be washed an additional four times, each washing consisting of
in 1L of distilled water.
10 to 15 mL of hot water directed in a stream from the wash
6.4 Hydrochloric Acid (1 + 3)—Add 200 mL of HCl (sp gr
bottle. Very small amounts of residue will occasionally pass
1.19) to 600 mL of distilled water.
through the filter. These ordinarily may be disregarded.
6.5 Hydrochloric Acid (1 + 1)—Add 25 mL of HCl (sp gr
1.19) to 25 mL of distilled water.
NOTE 4—Inthecaseofthesoilandsoil-cementsamples,thebulkofthe
6.6 Nitric Acid—See Note 3. residue sometimes slows filtration appreciably. No difficulty is usually
encountered from cement samples, and, as a rule, soil samples may be
6.7 Ammonium Oxalate Solution (5 %)—50 g of ammo-
filtered and washed in less than 30 min. Some soil-cement mixtures
niumoxalate.(Warning—Inadditiontootherprecautions,this
require more time, but, if this period exceeds 1 h, subsequent filtration in
is done by adding the acid, slowly while stirring, to the water
similarcasesmaybemorerapidifaNo.41paperissubstitutedfortheNo.
to avoid a sudden temperature rise that could cause boiling and
1 paper. Slow filtration in such cases is generally caused by excessive
spattering of the acid solution.)
boiling, resulting in gelation of the silica, which materially retards
6.8 Ammonium Hydroxide, NH OH (sp gr 0.90).
filtration.
6.9 Sulfuric Acid (1 + 1)—Add 500 mL H SO (sp gr 1.84)
2 4
8.4 When washing has been completed, discard the filter,
to 500 mL of distilled water.
and dilute the filtrate in the volumetric flask to 250 mL with
cold water. The temperature of the solution should be near the
7. Samples
calibration point of the flask. Agitate the flask to mix the
7.1 Samples of the following shall be selected for the test:
contents thoroughly, then remove a 50-mLaliquot and transfer
7.1.1 Raw Soil, representative of the soil phase of the
to the original 250-mL beaker (8.2), using a 50-mL pi
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