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ASTM D3512-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.
Note 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D 3511, D 3514, and D 4970.
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2002
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3512-99a - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D3512-05 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester
Effective Date
01-Sep-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6663-08(2019) - Standard Specification for Woven and Knitted Comforter and Accessory Products for Institutional and Household Use
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Referred By
ASTM D5431-08(2019) - Standard Performance Specification for Woven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional and Household Use
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Referred By
ASTM D3181-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests on Textiles
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

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ASTM D3512-02 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling TesterASTM D3512-02 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester
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ASTM D3512-02 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D3512–02
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3512; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3514 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
1.1 This test method covers the resistance to the formation
D 4970 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics (Martindale
using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is
Pressure Tester Method)
generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel
F 104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Mate-
fabrics.
rials
NOTE 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles,
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
refer to Test Methods D 3511, D 3514, and D 4970.
12-435120-00 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random
3
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin
Tumble Pilling Test
may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the
3. Terminology
silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test
chamber and cause erroneous results.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.1 fuzz, n—untangled fiber ends that protrude from the
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
surface of a yarn or fabric.
the inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within
3.1.2 pilling resistance, n—resistance to the formation of
the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The
pills on the surface of a textile fabric.
values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; there-
3.1.3 pills, n—bunches or balls of tangled fibers which are
fore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
held to the surface of a fabric by one or more fibers.
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
3.1.4 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
formance with the specification.
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such as
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- fuzzing, that occur in normal wear are simulated on a labora-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tory testing machine. Pills are caused to form on fabric by a
random rubbing action produced by tumbling specimens in a
2. Referenced Documents
cylindrical test chamber lined with a mildly abrasive material.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Toformpillswithappearanceandstructurethatresemblethose
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
produced in actual wear, small amounts of short-length gray
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
cotton fiber are added to each test chamber with the specimens.
D 3511 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
The degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparison of the
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling
tested specimens with visual standards that may be actual
Tester
fabrics, or photographs of fabrics, showing a range of pilling
resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported using
an arbitrary rating scale.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-13onTextiles
5. Significance and Use
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
Specific. 5.1 Acceptance Testing—This test method of fabrics for
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published July 2002. Originally
resistancetopillingisnotrecommendedforacceptancetesting.
published as D 3512 – 76. Last previous edition D 3512 – 99a.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor
the ASTM website. Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. Request ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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...

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
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5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and de...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
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    English language
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