ASTM A800/A800M-20
(Practice)Standard Practice for Estimating Ferrite Content of Stainless Steel Castings Containing Both Ferrite and Austenite
Standard Practice for Estimating Ferrite Content of Stainless Steel Castings Containing Both Ferrite and Austenite
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The tensile and impact properties, the weldability, and the corrosion resistance of iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings may be influenced beneficially or detrimentally by the ratio of the amount of ferrite to the amount of austenite in the microstructure. The ferrite content may be limited by purchase order requirements or by the design construction codes governing the equipment in which the castings will be used. The quantity of ferrite in the structure is fundamentally a function of the chemical composition of the alloy and its thermal history. Because of segregation, the chemical composition, and therefore the ferrite content, may differ from point to point on a casting. Determination of the ferrite content by any of the procedures described in the following practice is subject to varying degrees of imprecision which must be recognized in setting realistic limits on the range of ferrite content specified. Sources of error include the following:
4.1.1 In Determinations from Chemical Composition—Deviations from the actual quantity of each element present in an alloy because of chemical analysis variance, although possibly minor in each case, can result in substantial difference in the ratio of total ferrite-promoting to total austenite-promoting elements. Therefore, the precision of the ferrite content estimated from chemical composition depends on the accuracy of the chemical analysis procedure.
4.1.2 In Determinations from Magnetic Response—Phases other than ferrite and austenite may be formed at certain temperatures and persist at room temperature. These may so alter the magnetic response of the alloy that the indicated ferrite content is quite different from that of the same chemical composition that has undergone different thermal treatment. Also, because the magnets or probes of the various measuring instruments are small, different degrees of surface roughness or surface curvature will vary the magnetic linkage with the material being measured.
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures and definitions for estimating ferrite content in stainless steel alloys containing both austenite and ferrite phases in amounts controlled to be within specified limits. Methods are described for estimating ferrite content by chemical, magnetic, and metallographic means.
Note 1: This practice can be used for cast austenitic and duplex stainless steel alloys (for example, CF-3, CF-3A, CF-8, CF-8A, CF-3M, CF-3MA, CF-8M, CF-8C, CG-8M, CH-10, CD4MCuN (1B), CD3MCuN (1C), CE8MN (2A), CD6MN (3A), CD3MN (4A), CE3MN (5A), CD3MWCuN (6A), and CD3MWN (7A)).
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the practice.
1.2.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A800/A800M − 20
Standard Practice for
Estimating Ferrite Content of Stainless Steel Castings
1
Containing Both Ferrite and Austenite
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA800/A800M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers procedures and definitions for
A351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for
estimating ferrite content in stainless steel alloys containing
Pressure-Containing Parts
both austenite and ferrite phases in amounts controlled to be
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
within specified limits. Methods are described for estimating
cal Analysis of Steel Products
ferrite content by chemical, magnetic, and metallographic
A799/A799M Practice for Steel Castings, Stainless, Instru-
means.
ment Calibration, for Estimating Ferrite Content
NOTE 1—This practice can be used for cast austenitic and duplex A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
stainless steel alloys (for example, CF-3, CF-3A, CF-8, CF-8A, CF-3M,
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
CF-3MA, CF-8M, CF-8C, CG-8M, CH-10, CD4MCuN (1B), CD3MCuN
A1067/A1067M Specification for Test Coupons for Steel
(1C), CE8MN (2A), CD6MN (3A), CD3MN (4A), CE3MN (5A),
Castings
CD3MWCuN (6A), and CD3MWN (7A)).
E353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Nickel-Iron Alloys
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system E562 Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by
must be used independently of the other. Combining values Systematic Manual Point Count
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
2.2 Constitution Diagrams:
practice.
Schoefer Diagram for Estimating Ferrite Content of Stain-
3
1.2.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. less Steel Castings (1980 revision)
Schaeffler Diagram for Estimating Ferrite Content of Stain-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4
less Steel Weld Metal
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
DeLong Diagram for Estimating Ferrite Content of Stain-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5
less Steel Weld Metal
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
6
2.3 American Welding Society Specification:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
AWSA4.2 Procedures for Calibrating Magnetic Instruments
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
to Measure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic Stain-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
less Steel Weld Metal
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3. Terminology
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 Definitions:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
See Appendix X1.
1 4
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Metal Progress Data Book, American Society for Metals, Mid June 1977, p.
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 161.
5
A01.18 on Castings. Welding Journal, American Welding Society, Vol 38, No. 7, July 1973, p.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally 293–s.
6
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A800/A800M – 14. Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 8669 NW 36 Street, #130,
DOI: 10.1520/A0800_A0800M-20. Miami, FL 33166-6672, http://www.aws.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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A800/A800M − 20
3.1.1 ferrite—the ferromagnetic, body-centered, cubic- 4.2 The estimation of ferrite percent by chemical composi-
microstructuralconstituentofvariablechemicalcompositionin tion offers the most useful and most common method of ferrite
iron-c
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A800/A800M − 14 A800/A800M − 20
Standard Practice for
Steel Casting, Austenitic Alloy, Estimating Ferrite Content
Thereofof Stainless Steel Castings Containing Both Ferrite
1
and Austenite
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A800/A800M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers procedures and definitions for estimating ferrite content in certain grades of austenitic iron-chromium-
nickel alloy castings that have compositions balanced to create the formation of ferrite as a second phase stainless steel alloys
containing both austenite and ferrite phases in amounts controlled to be within specified limits. Methods are described for
estimating ferrite content by chemical, magnetic, and metallographic means.
NOTE 1—This practice can be used for cast austenitic and duplex stainless steel alloys (for example, CF-3, CF-3A, CF-8, CF-8A, CF-3M, CF-3MA,
CF-8M, CF-8C, CG-8M, CH-10, CD4MCuN (1B), CD3MCuN (1C), CE8MN (2A), CD6MN (3A), CD3MN (4A), CE3MN (5A), CD3MWCuN (6A),
and CD3MWN (7A)).
1.2 The grades covered by this practice are: CF-3, CF-3A, CF-8, CF-8A, CF-3M, CF-3MA, CF-8M, CF-8C, CG-8M, and
CH-10.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems may result in nonconformance with the practice.
1.2.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A799/A799M Practice for Steel Castings, Stainless, Instrument Calibration, for Estimating Ferrite Content
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A1067/A1067M Specification for Test Coupons for Steel Castings
E353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron
Alloys
E562 Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count
2.2 Constitution Diagrams:
Schoefer Diagram for Estimating Ferrite Content of Stainless Steel Castings (1980 Schoefer Diagram for Estimating Ferrite
3
Content of Stainless Steel Castings (1980 revision)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014May 1, 2020. Published June 2014May 2020. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20102014 as
A800/A800M – 10.A800/A800M – 14. DOI: 10.1520/A0800_A0800M-14. 10.1520/A0800_A0800M-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
AppendixSee Appendix X1of this practice.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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A800/A800M − 20
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Schaeffler Diagram for Estimating Ferrite Content of Stainless Steel Weld Metal Schaeffler Diagram for Estimating Ferrite
4
Content of Stainless Steel Weld Metal
5
DeLong Diagram for Estimating Ferrite Content of Stainless Steel Weld Metal DeLong Diagram for Estimating
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