77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
ICS 77.140.80 Details
Iron and steel castings
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This document specifies a procedure for the evaluation of centreline segregation of continuously cast slabs, including sampling, sample preparation and evaluation method. This document is applicable for low carbon steel slabs for pipe production manufactured by continuous casting. These steels have a typical chemical composition as follows (mass percentages): — C ≤ 0,12 % — Mn ≤ 2,0 % — Si ≤ 0,5 % — Ti + Nb + V ≤ 0,2 % The common dimensions of these slabs are in the following ranges: — Slab width: 800 mm to 2 600 mm — Slab thickness: 150 mm to 450 mm The evaluation methods covered by this document are based on macroscopic etching of slab samples followed by visual inspection by means of human eye or camera systems. The procedures for sampling described in 5.1 to 5.3 of this document are applicable to steels slabs in general (e. g. other steel grades or dimensions). However, the etching procedure (see 5.4) in combination with the evaluation methods described in Clause 6 have been developed especially for the application on pipeline steels as given above. Thus, they are not applicable to other steel grades, product types or dimensions without a prior validation. Any extension or modification beyond the scope of this document necessitates a separate agreement between producer and customer.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies how a welding procedure specification (WPS) for production welding of steel castings is qualified. Tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with this document, unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties.
This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure qualification tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations within the range of essential variables.
This document applies to the arc welding of steel castings. The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between the contracting parties.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds. For highly stressed components EN 12680-2 is applicable.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and the techniques for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document does not apply to ultrasonic testing of the nodularity of spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This document does not apply to phased array technique and to transmission technique.
NOTE The transmission technique has insufficient sensitivity to detect the discontinuities found in spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and is used in exceptional cases only.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for highly stressed components and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
Highly-stressed means for example:
— High material utilization (close to Rp0,2)
— High static and cyclic load
— For fail-safe assessment, requiring a fracture-mechanic assessment
An example for a highly-stressed cast component is a turbine housing, subjected to combined high static, cyclic and thermal load.
Purchasers determine if components are highly stressed based on the need for performance or safety.
For lower-stressed cast components for general purposes, EN 12680-1 applies.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies how a welding procedure specification (WPS) for production welding of steel castings is qualified. Tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with this document, unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties.
This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure qualification tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations within the range of essential variables.
This document applies to the arc welding of steel castings. The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between the contracting parties.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for highly stressed components and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
Highly-stressed means for example:
— High material utilization (close to Rp0,2)
— High static and cyclic load
— For fail-safe assessment, requiring a fracture-mechanic assessment
An example for a highly-stressed cast component is a turbine housing, subjected to combined high static, cyclic and thermal load.
Purchasers determine if components are highly stressed based on the need for performance or safety.
For lower-stressed cast components for general purposes, EN 12680-1 applies.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds. For highly stressed components EN 12680-2 is applicable.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and the techniques for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document does not apply to ultrasonic testing of the nodularity of spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This document does not apply to phased array technique and to transmission technique.
NOTE The transmission technique has insufficient sensitivity to detect the discontinuities found in spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and is used in exceptional cases only.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies how a welding procedure specification (WPS) for production welding of steel castings is qualified. Tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with this document, unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties. This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure qualification tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations within the range of essential variables. This document applies to the arc welding of steel castings. The principles of this document can be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between the contracting parties.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies technical requirements for castings (steel, nickel alloys, and cobalt alloys) produced by the investment casting process. NOTE The International Standards specifying metallurgical material requirements for steel, nickel alloy, and cobalt alloy casting grades are listed in the Bibliography. The requirements stated in this document form an integral part of the material specification. In cases of conflict, the requirements of this specification take precedence over the individual material specification requirements.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document covers steel castings for pressure containing parts. It includes materials which are used for the manufacture of components subject to pressure vessel codes and components not subject to codes. This document relates to castings manufactured from unalloyed and alloyed steel grades (characterized by their chemical composition given in Table 1, and mechanical properties in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5). NOTE Annex D gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which have been produced by the continuous casting process.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars by either:
a) the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars, or
b) the hardness measured on the bars.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) can be specified.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars by the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars.
This document specifies 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength and 4 grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness.
This document specifies also the straightness of the bars.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 and EN 1559 3).
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the general requirements for the radiography of steel and iron castings by means of X-rays or gamma-rays.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings, which have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour.
NOTE This document can also be applicable to grey cast irons cast in permanent moulds, provided the related cast samples are casted under the same conditions as the castings.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by either
a) the tensile strength of cast samples,
b) if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting,
c) the hardness determined on the castings or on a cast-on knob.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option c) may be specified.
This document specifies six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength determined on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness (see Table 2).
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings; see EN 1559-1 [3] and EN 1559-3 [4].
This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and fittings according to EN 877 [5].
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons.
This document specifies 4 grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron by a classification based on the minimum mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples or samples cut from a casting.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559-1 [1] and EN 1559-3 [2]).
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies chemical composition and mechanical properties of cast steels and alloys for heat-resistant service.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for four grades of heat-treated cast carbon and alloy steels for general engineering and structural purposes. In cases where castings are produced by welding component parts together, this document does not cover the welding process or the properties of the weldment. The four steel grades are intended for service at ambient temperature.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies cast steels for general corrosion-resistant applications. The grades covered by this document represent types of alloy steel castings suitable for broad ranges of application which are intended for a wide variety of corrosion applications. NOTE Annex A gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the general technical delivery requirements for the supply of steel, nickel, and cobalt alloy castings, including the requirements for the selection and preparation of samples and test pieces. When a material or product standard differ from this delivery specification, the material or product standard applies. In the case of investment castings, ISO 16468 applies. This document also specifies a group of supplementary requirements which can be applied to steel, nickel, and cobalt alloy castings. These requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when individually specified by the purchaser.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
Procedures are covered for estimating ferrite content in certain grades of austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings that have compositions balanced to create the formation of ferrite as a second phase in amounts controlled within specified limits. Methods are described for estimating ferrite content by chemical, magnetic and metallographic means.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Procedures are covered for estimating ferrite content in certain grades of austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings that have compositions balanced to create the formation of ferrite as a second phase in amounts controlled within specified limits. Methods are described for estimating ferrite content by chemical, magnetic and metallographic means.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Procedures are covered for estimating ferrite content in certain grades of austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings that have compositions balanced to create the formation of ferrite as a second phase in amounts controlled within specified limits. Methods are described for estimating ferrite content by chemical, magnetic and metallographic means.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies cast steel and alloy grades with special physical properties. The cast steel and alloy grades covered by this document are used in applications which require low linear thermal expansion, or low ferromagnetic responses, or low galling properties. NOTE Annex A gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designations.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies austenitic manganese cast steels for wear-resistant service. The grades covered by this document will experience maximum service life in applications where the surface of the casting is subject to impact.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for horizontal and vertical centrifugally cast steel and alloy products to be used in the following applications: a) heat resisting; b) corrosion resisting; c) general engineering.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies cast steel and nickel alloy grades for elevated temperature service products manufactured by centrifugal casting.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for the design, material, manufacturing and testing of cast iron pressure vessels and pressure vessel parts made from materials for which details are specified from the following material standards for specific grades which meet the criterion of an elongation after fracture less than or equal to 15 %:
- EN 1561:2011, Founding - Grey cast irons;
- EN 1563:2018, Founding - Spheroidal graphite cast irons;
- EN 13835:2012, Founding - Austenitic cast irons.
The application of this document is limited to pressure equipment and pressure parts containing a fluid of group 2 (non-hazardous fluid) according to the European legislation for pressure equipment.
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for carbon and low alloy cast steel grades for general applications. NOTE 1 Annex A provides guidance on welding. NOTE 2 Annex B gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes, and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique. This document applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm. For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to the test procedure and the acceptance levels. This document does not apply to austenitic steels and to joint welds.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for highly stressed components, and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique. Purchasers determine if components are highly stressed based on the need for performance or safety. This document applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm. For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to the test procedure and the acceptance levels. This document does not apply to austenitic steels and to joint welds.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the acceptance criteria for the surface examination of steel, nickel alloy and cobalt alloy investment castings by visual testing.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the magnetic particle testing of ferro-magnetic steel and iron castings. It also gives acceptance criteria through severity levels defined by the nature, the area and the dimensions of the discontinuities present. This document is applicable to all ferro-magnetic castings, independent of the moulding method. A steel and iron casting is considered to be ferro-magnetic if the magnetic induction is greater than 1 T (Tesla) for a magnetic field strength of 2,4 kA/m. This document only applies to those areas of the castings specified for testing, as well as the percentage of castings to be tested.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the liquid penetrant testing of steel castings.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
1.1 This document covers the acceptance criteria for the visual testing of the surface of steel and iron castings. 1.2 Acceptance levels utilize Bureau de Normalisation des Industries de la Fonderie (BNIF) and Steel Castings Research and Trade Association (SCRATA) or Casting Technology International (CTI) reference comparators for the visual determination of surface roughness and surface discontinuities described as follows: — surface roughness; — thermal dressing; — mechanical dressing; — non-metallic inclusions; — gas porosity; — fusion discontinuities; — expansion discontinuities; — metal inserts.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for the radiographic testing of castings for aerospace applications.
It shall be applied when referred to in the EN technical specification or material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or testing schedule.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document applies to corrosion resistant steel castings for general purposes.
This document relates to castings manufactured from martensitic, austenitic, fully austenitic and
austenitic-ferritic steel grades characterized by their chemical composition (see Table 1) and mechanical properties (see Table 2).
ln cases where castings are joined by welding by the founder, this document applies.
ln cases where castings are welded:
- to wrought products (plates, tubes, forgings);
- or by non-founders,
this document does not apply.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies tool steel compositions for castings. NOTE Annex A gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document applies to corrosion resistant steel castings for general purposes.
This document relates to castings manufactured from martensitic, austenitic, fully austenitic and
austenitic-ferritic steel grades characterized by their chemical composition (see Table 1) and mechanical properties (see Table 2).
ln cases where castings are joined by welding by the founder, this document applies.
ln cases where castings are welded:
- to wrought products (plates, tubes, forgings);
- or by non-founders,
this document does not apply.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines grades and the corresponding requirements for malleable cast irons.
This document specifies five grades of whiteheart malleable cast iron and nine grades of blackheart malleable cast iron, based on mechanical properties measured on cast samples (which are test pieces).
This document specifies Brinell hardness values determined only when these values are requested by the purchaser.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for malleable cast iron castings. Reference should be made to EN 1559 1 [3] and EN 1559 3 [4].
This document does not cover chemical composition, except phosphorus (see Clause 6).
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for fusion welding of unalloyed and low-alloy cast iron castings produced in accordance with:
- EN 1561, Founding - Grey cast irons;
- EN 1562, Founding - Malleable cast irons;
- EN 1563, Founding - Spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This document does not apply to the joint welding of cast iron castings to other materials.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes techniques and acceptance criteria to be used for the magnetic particle testing of forgings manufactured from ferromagnetic materials. The method described is used for the detection of surface discontinuities. It can also detect discontinuities just below the surface but the sensitivity to such discontinuities decreases rapidly with depth.
NOTE A steel forging is considered to be ferromagnetic if the magnetic flux density is greater than 1 T for a tangential magnetic field strength of 2,4 kA/m.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard applies to steel castings for pressure containing parts. It includes materials which are used for the manufacture of components, for pressure equipment.
This European Standard relates to castings characterised by their chemical composition (see Table 2) and mechanical properties (see Tables 3 to 6).
In cases where castings are joined by welding by the founder, this European Standard applies.
In cases where castings are welded:
- to wrought products (plates, tubes, forgings), or
- by non founders,
this European Standard does not apply.
NOTE For this harmonised supporting standard for materials, presumption of conformity to the Essential Requirements of the Directive is limited to technical data of the material in the standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to specific equipment. Consequently the technical data stated in the material standard should be assessed against the design requirements of the specific equipment to verify that the Essential Requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) are satisfied.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 11970:2016 specifies how a welding procedure specification (WPS) for production welding of steel castings is qualified. It defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure qualification tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations within the range of essential variables. Tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with this International Standard unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties. ISO 11970:2016 applies to the arc welding of steel castings. The principles of this International Standard can be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between the contracting parties. In the case of specific service, material or manufacturing conditions, tests more comprehensive than those specified by this International Standard can be specified by the purchaser, in order to gain more information, e.g. longitudinal weld tensile tests, bend tests, chemical analyses, ferrite determination in austenitic stainless steels, elongation, Charpy "V" impact tests, and radiography.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard18 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard18 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 1071:2015 specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding, wire electrodes for metal arc welding, tubular cored electrodes for metal arc welding with and without a gas shield, rods for TIG-welding, and rods for oxy-fuel gas welding of unalloyed cast irons. Classification is based on the chemical composition of wires and rods and on the all-weld metal deposit for tubular cored and covered electrodes.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 4991:2015 covers steel castings for pressure containing parts. It includes materials which are used for the manufacture of components subject to pressure vessel codes and components not subject to codes. This International Standard relates to castings manufactured from unalloyed and alloyed steel grades (characterized by their chemical composition, Table 1, and mechanical properties, Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5). NOTE Annex D gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 16468:2015 specifies technical requirements for castings (steel, nickel alloys, and cobalt alloys) produced by the investment-casting process. The International Standards specifying metallurgical material requirements for steel, nickel alloy, and cobalt alloy casting grades are listed in the Bibliography. The requirements stated in ISO 16468:2015 form an integral part of the material specification. In cases of conflict, the requirements of this specification take precedence over the individual material specification requirements.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard applies to steel castings:
- for general engineering uses. Its uses include machinery (mechanical, electrical...), automotive industries, railroad, armament, agricultural equipment, mining, etc.
In cases where castings are joined by welding by the founder, this document applies.
In cases where castings are welded:
- to wrought products (plates, tubes, forgings...), or
- by non-founders,
this document does not apply.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 1559 specifies the additional technical delivery conditions for steel castings unless other conditions have been agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
This European Standard is also applicable to nickel and cobalt alloy castings.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a liquid penetrant testing method for castings produced by investment casting for general purposes.
NOTE Investment casting is sometimes referred to as lost-wax casting.
This European Standard applies to all cast metals, except copper-tin and/or copper-tin-lead alloy castings, where copper is the major constituent (see EN 1982 [3]).
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day