ASTM A356/A356M-21

Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylindrical (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth or electric-furnace process. Deoxidation of the carbon and low-alloy steel grades shall be by manganese and silicon. The castings shall be heat treated in either the normalized, tempered, or stress-relieved conditions. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation shall be determined by subjecting the specimens to a tension test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylinders (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2021
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.18 - Castings

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A356/A356M −21
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel,
1
Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA356/A356M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
1. Scope* E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2 in.
(50.8 to 114 mm)) Steel Castings
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stain-
1
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to 12
less steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for
in. (114 to 305 mm)) Steel Castings
cylinders (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
(50.8 mm) in Thickness
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
2.2 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each 3
Fittings Industry Standard:
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Visual
with the standard.
Method)
1.2.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
3. Classification
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1 The castings are furnished in the grades shown in Table
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 4. Ordering Information
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include
the following information:
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
casting drawing),
of Steel Products
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifi-
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
cations of Procedures and Personnel
4.1.4 The supplementary requirements desired, including
A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
the standards of acceptance.
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
E94/E94M Guide for Radiographic Examination Using In-
5. Melting Process
dustrial Radiographic Film
5.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth or electric-
E125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-
furnace process.
tions on Ferrous Castings
5.2 Deoxidation Practice:
E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for Gen-
5.2.1 Deoxidation of the carbon and low-alloy steel grades
eral Industry
shall be by manganese and silicon. Furnace or ladle deoxida-
1
tion with other agents is permissible with the approval of the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
purchaser.
A01.18 on Castings.
5.2.2 The purchaser may specify that no aluminum be
Current edition approved May 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally
added.
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A356/A356M – 16.
DOI: 10.1520/A0356_A0356M-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA22180-4602, http://www.mss-hq.org.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A356/A356M−21
A,B
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Requirements
Element, %
Grade
Type
(UNS Number)
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Vanadium
C C
1 Carbon Steel 0.35 0.70 0.035 0.030 0.60 . . . . . . . . . . . .
(J03502)
C C
2 0.5Mo 0.25 0.70 0.035 0.030 0.60 . . . . . . 0.45–0.65 . . .
(J12523)
C C
5
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A356/A356M − 16 A356/A356M − 21
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel,
1
Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A356/A356M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylinders
(shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through S5) shall apply as selected by and specified by the purchaser.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
E94E94/E94M Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
E125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Ferrous Castings
E165E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
1
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2 in. (50.8 to 114 mm)) Steel Castings
1
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to 12 in. (114 to 305 mm)) Steel Castings
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in Thickness
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
3
2.2 Manufacturers’Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry Standard:
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Visual Method)
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016May 1, 2021. Published January 2017May 2021. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
A356/A356M – 11 (2016).A356/A356M – 16. DOI: 10.1520/A0356_A0356M-16.10.1520/A0356_A0356M-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-hq.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A356/A356M − 21
3. Classification
3.1 The castings are furnished in the grades shown in Table 1.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include the following information:
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the casting drawing),
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
4.1.4 The supplementary requirements desired, including the standards of acceptance.
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Grade/ Material Phosphorus,
Carbon Manganese Silicon Sulfur, max Molybdenum Chromium NickelVanadium
UNS Number max
B B
1 carbon steel 0.35 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J03502
B B
1
2 ⁄2 % molybdenum 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.45-0.65 . . . . . .
...