ASTM D4878-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of Polyols
Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of Polyols
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are suitable for research or as quality control or specification tests.
Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniformly continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscosity of polyols in the range from 10 to 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at 25°C or at 50°C. Test Method A also applies to more viscous samples that are soluble in n-butyl acetate. Test Method B is simply a reference to a general procedure for kinematic viscosity, D 445. (See Note 1.)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other equivalent units are provided because of current common usage.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard for Test Method A although ISO 3219 is similar. Test Method B is equivalent to ISO 3104.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4878 − 08
StandardTest Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of
1
Polyols
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods see
1.1 These test methods (Aand B) determine the viscosity of
Terminology D883.
polyols in the range from 10 to 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at 25°C or
at 50°C. Test Method A also applies to more viscous samples
4. Significance and Use
that are soluble in n-butyl acetate. Test Method B is simply a
reference to a general procedure for kinematic viscosity, D445.
4.1 Thesetestmethodsaresuitableforresearchorasquality
(See Note 1.)
control or specification tests.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniformly
standard. Other equivalent units are provided because of
continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
current common usage.
5. Sampling
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Polyesters and polyethers usually contain molecules
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
covering an appreciable range of molecular weights. These
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
have a tendency to fractionate during solidification. Unless the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
material is a finely ground solid it is necessary to melt (using
no higher temperature than necessary) and mix the resin well
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard for Test Method A
before removing a sample for analysis. Many polyols are
although ISO 3219 is similar. Test Method B is equivalent to ISO 3104.
hygroscopic and care should be taken to provide minimum
exposure to atmospheric moisture during the sampling.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: TEST METHOD A—BROOKFIELD VISCOSITY
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos- 6. Summary of Test Method
ity)
6.1 The viscosity of resins is measured by determining the
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
torque on a spindle rotating at constant speed in the liquid
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
sample which is adjusted to 25 6 0.1°C. Samples with viscosi-
3
2.2 ISO Standards: ties exceeding 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at 50°C are dissolved in
ISO 3104
n-butyl acetate (or other solvent) and the viscosity is deter-
ISO 3219 mined at 25 6 0.1°C.
7. Apparatus
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
7.1 Constant-Temperature Bath, capable of maintaining
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
temperatures of 25 6 0.1°C and 50 6 0.1°C should be used.
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers.
Water, water and glycerin, or oil may be used as the heating
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4878 - 03. DOI:
medium and the bath should be provided with heating, stirring,
10.1520/D4878-08.
and thermostatting devices.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.2 Bath and Sample Thermometers, graduated in 0.1°C
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
subdivisions and standardized for the range of use to the
the ASTM website.
3
nearest 0.01°C. ASTM Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers hav-
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. ing ranges from 19 to 27°C and 49 to 57°C, as specified, and
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4878 − 08
conforming to the requirements for Thermometers 17C and following recommendations should guide in the choice of
19C, respectively, as prescribed in Specification E1 are recom- spindle size and speed to be used for a specific sample. (See
mended. Table 1.)
4 12.1.1 The combination chosen should give an instrument
7.3 Brookfield Synchrolectric Viscometer —Model LVF
reading near the center of the scale (that is, 175 to 325 on the
with speeds of 60, 30, 12, and 6 r/min is to be used when
500 scale).
available. It is applicable to the range of 10 to 100 000
12.1.2 The lowe
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 4878–03 Designation:D 4878–08
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of
1
Polyols
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope *
1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscositiesviscosity of polyols in the range from 10 to 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at
25°C or at 50°C. Test MethodAalso applies to more viscous samples that are soluble in n-butyl acetate. Test Method B is simply
a reference to a general procedure for kinematic viscosity, D 445. (See Note 1.)
1.2The1.2 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Otherequivalentunitsareprovidedbecauseofcurrent
common usage.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard for Test Method A although ISO 3219 is similar. Test Method B is equivalent to ISO 3104.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 3104
ISO 3219
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods see Terminology D 883.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods are suitable for research or as quality control or specification tests.
4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniformly continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
5. Sampling
5.1 Polyesters and polyethers usually contain molecules covering an appreciable range of molecular weights. These have a
tendency to fractionate during solidification. Unless the material is a finely ground solid it is necessary to melt (using no higher
temperature than necessary) and mix the resin well before removing a sample for analysis. Many polyols are hygroscopic and care
should be taken to provide minimum exposure to atmospheric moisture during the sampling.
TEST METHOD A—BROOKFIELD VISCOSITY
6. Summary of Test Method
6.1 The viscosity of resins is measured by determining the torque on a spindle rotating at constant speed in the liquid sample
which is adjusted to 25 6 0.1°C. Samples with viscosities exceeding 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at 50°C are dissolved in n-butyl acetate
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials -
Plastics and Elastomers.
CurrenteditionapprovedNovemberNov.1,2003.2008.PublishedJanuary2004.November2008.Originallyapprovedin1988.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin19982003
as D4878-98.D 4878 - 03.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 4878–08
(or other solvent) and the viscosity is determined at 25 6 0.1°C.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Constant-Temperature Bath, capable of maintaining temperatures of 25 6 0.1°C and 50 6 0.1°C should be used. Water,
water and glycerin, or oil may be used as the heating medium and the bath should be provided with heating, stirring, and
thermostatting devices.
7.2 Bath and Sample Thermometers, graduated in 0.1°C subdivisions and standardized for the range of use to the nearest
0.01°C. ASTM Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers having ranges from 19 to 27°C and 49 to 57°C, as specified, and conforming to
the requirements for Thermometers 17C and 19C, respectively, as prescribed in Specification E 1 are recommended.
4
7.3 Brookfield Synchrolectric Viscometer —Model LVF with speeds of 60, 30, 12, and 6 r/min is t
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.