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ASTM D7234-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers

Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The pull-off adhesion strength and mode of failure of a coating from a concrete substrate are important performance properties that are used in specifications. This test method serves as a means for uniformly preparing and testing coated surfaces, and evaluating and reporting the results.
Variations in strength results obtained using different instruments, different substrates, or different loading fixtures with the same coating are possible. Therefore, it is recommended that the specific test instrument and loading fixture be mutually agreed upon between the interested parties.
This test method should not be used to determine surface strength of uncoated concrete. Test Method C 1583/C 1583M is suitable for that determination.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the pull-off adhesion strength of a coating on concrete. The test determines the greatest perpendicular force (in tension) that a surface area can bear before a plug of material is detached. Failure will occur along the weakest plane within the system comprised of the test fixture, adhesive, coating system, and substrate, and will be exposed by the fracture surface.
1.2 This test method uses a class of apparatus known as portable pull-off adhesion testers. They are capable of applying a concentric load and counter load to a single surface so that coatings can be tested even though only one side is accessible. Measurements are limited by the strength of adhesion bonds between the loading fixture, coating system and the substrate or the cohesive strengths of the adhesive, coating layers, and substrate.
1.3 Pull-off adhesion strength measurements depend upon both material and instrumental parameters. There are different instruments used that comply with this test method. The specific instrument used should be identified when reporting results. This test is destructive and spot repairs may be necessary.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2005
ICS
91.080.40 - Concrete structures
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.46 - Industrial Protective Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7234-12 - Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
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Effective Date
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Effective Date
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Effective Date
01-Dec-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4541-22 - Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
Effective Date
01-Dec-2005
Referred By
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Effective Date
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Referred By
ASTM D6237-19 - Standard Guide for Painting Inspectors (Concrete and Masonry Substrates)
Effective Date
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Effective Date
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Effective Date
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Effective Date
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Effective Date
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Effective Date
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Effective Date
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ASTM D7234-05 - Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion TestersASTM D7234-05 - Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers
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ASTM D7234-05 - Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7234 − 05
StandardTest Method for
Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using
1
Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7234; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
pull-off adhesion strength of a coating on concrete. The test C1583 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete Sur-
determines the greatest perpendicular force (in tension) that a faces and the Bond Strength or Tensile Strength of
surface area can bear before a plug of material is detached. Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials by Direct Tension
Failure will occur along the weakest plane within the system (Pull-off Method)
comprised of the test fixture, adhesive, coating system, and D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
substrate, and will be exposed by the fracture surface. Applications
D2651 GuideforPreparationofMetalSurfacesforAdhesive
1.2 This test method uses a class of apparatus known as
2 Bonding
portable pull-off adhesion testers. They are capable of apply-
D3933 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Surfaces for
ing a concentric load and counter load to a single surface so
Structural Adhesives Bonding (Phosphoric Acid Anodiz-
that coatings can be tested even though only one side is
ing)
accessible. Measurements are limited by the strength of adhe-
D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using
sion bonds between the loading fixture, coating system and the
Portable Adhesion Testers
substrate or the cohesive strengths of the adhesive, coating
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
layers, and substrate.
3. Terminology
1.3 Pull-off adhesion strength measurements depend upon
both material and instrumental parameters. There are different
3.1 The terms and definitions in Terminology D16 apply to
instruments used that comply with this test method. The
this test method.
specific instrument used should be identified when reporting
3.2 Definitions:
results. This test is destructive and spot repairs may be
3.2.1 adhesive, n—(with respect to this test method) adhe-
necessary.
sive refers to the material that bonds the bottom of the loading
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
fixture to the top surface of the coating to be tested.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2.2 loading fixture, n—(also referred to as dolliesorstuds)
only.
a metal structure that is flat on one end for bonding to the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
coating surface and shaped on the other end for attachment to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the adhesion tester and is used to determine the pull-off
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
adhesion strength of coatings
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.3 portable pull-off adhesion testers, n—instruments that
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are capable of applying a concentric load and counter load to
asinglesurfacesothatcoatingscanbetestedeventhoughonly
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
one side is accessible.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatingss.
3
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published February 2006. DOI: 10.1520/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D7234-05. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The term adhesion tester may be somewhat of a misnomer, but its adoption by Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
two manufacturers and at least two patents indicates continued usage. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7234 − 05
4. Summary of Test Method 6.1.5 Force Indicator and Calibration Information, for
determining the actual force delivered to the loading fixture.
4.1 The general pull-off adhesion test is performed by
The force indicator shall be verified to be within +/-5 % of the
scoring through the coating down to the surface of the concrete
force measured by a calibrated testing machine at a frequency
substrate at a diameter equal to the diameter of the loading
determined by the user, typically once
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pull-off strength and mode of failure of a coating from a concrete substrate are important performance properties that are used in specifications. This test method serves as a means for uniformly preparing and testing coated surfaces, and evaluating and reporting the results.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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3.1 This test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M while immersed in a test solution. Other types of segmental concrete paving units that do not conform to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M may be tested using this test method.  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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