ASTM C497-16a

Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover production and acceptance tests for concrete pipes, manhole sections, and tiles. Tests include procedures for evaluating external load crushing strength, flat slab top, core strength, absorption, hydrostatic, permeability, manhole step, cylinder, gasket lubricant, joint shear, alkalinity, and gasket measurements. Aside from the procedures, this standard also details the significance and use of and the required test apparatus for each test.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover testing of concrete pipe, manhole sections, and tile. The test methods described are used in production testing and acceptance testing to evaluate the properties provided for in the specifications.  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Section  
External Load Crushing Strength  
4  
Flat Slab Top  
5  
Core Strength  
6  
Absorption  
7  
Hydrostatic  
8  
Permeability
Manhole Step  
9
10  
Cylinder Strength  
11  
Gasket Lubricant  
12  
Joint Shear  
13  
Alkalinity  
14  
Gasket Measurements  
15  
1.3 The test specimens shall not have been exposed to a temperature below 40°F for the 24 h immediately preceding the test.  
1.4 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons such as failure of testing equipment or improper specimen preparation, it shall be discarded and another specimen taken.  
1.5 Specimens shall be selected in accordance with the specifications for the type of pipe or tile being tested.  
1.6 A complete metric companion to Test Methods C497 has been developed—C497M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in these methods.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2016
• ICS: 23.040.50 - Pipes and fittings of other materials
• Technical Committee: C13 - Concrete Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C13.09 - Methods of Test

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C497-16 - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Replaced By: ASTM C497-17 - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2017
• Referred By: ASTM C1504-20 - Standard Specification for Manufacture of Precast Reinforced Concrete Three-Sided Structures for Culverts and Storm Drains
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C507-22 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C76-22a - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C14-20 - Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1846/C1846M-19 - Standard Specification for Performance Based Manufacture of Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C985-22 - Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Specified Strength Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1765-19 - Standard Specification for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C506-22a - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Arch Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1628-19 - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C118-19 - Standard Specification for Concrete Pipe for Irrigation or Drainage
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C505-19 - Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Irrigation Pipe with Rubber Gasket Joints
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1417-19 - Standard Specification for Manufacture of Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe for Direct Design
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1894-22 - Standard Guide for Microbially Induced Corrosion of Concrete Products
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C497 − 16a
Standard Test Methods for
1
Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C497; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover testing of concrete pipe,
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
manhole sections, and tile.The test methods described are used
Specimens in the Field
in production testing and acceptance testing to evaluate the
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
properties provided for in the specifications.
drical Concrete Specimens
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
Section
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
External Load Crushing Strength 4
C617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
Flat Slab Top 5
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
Core Strength 6
Absorption 7
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
Hydrostatic 8
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
Permeability 9
Products
Manhole Step 10
Cylinder Strength 11
C1231/C1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in
Gasket Lubricant 12
Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Cy-
Joint Shear 13
lindrical Concrete Specimens
Alkalinity 14
Gasket Measurements 15
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
ness
1.3 The test specimens shall not have been exposed to a
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
temperature below 40°F for the 24 h immediately preceding
the test.
3. Terminology
1.4 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcrete
such as failure of testing equipment or improper specimen
pipe, see Terminology C822.
preparation, it shall be discarded and another specimen taken.
4. External Load Crushing Strength Test by the Three-
1.5 Specimens shall be selected in accordance with the
Edge Bearing Test Method
specifications for the type of pipe or tile being tested.
4.1 Summary of Test Method—The test specimen is tested in
1.6 AcompletemetriccompaniontoTestMethodsC497has
a machine designed to apply a crushing force upon the
been developed—C497M; therefore, no metric equivalents are
specimen in a plane through the vertical axis extending along
presented in these methods.
the length of the specimen.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 Significance and Use—The crushing test shall be either
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a quality control test performed to establish that the finished,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
shippable pipe has sufficient strength to withstand the crushing
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
loads stated in the specifications or a proof of design test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
performed to prove the adequacy of design.
4.3 Apparatus:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
ConcretePipeandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC13.09onMethods
2
of Test. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C497 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0497-16A. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C497 − 16a
4.3.1 The testing machine shall be of any type of sufficient either or both the lower bearing and the upper bearing shall
capacity and shall be capable of providing the rate of loading extend the full length or any portion of the length of the
prescribed in 4.5.3. specimen. Fig. 5
4.3.2 The testing machine shall be substantial and rigid 4.3.4 The lower bearings shall consist of wood or hard
throughout, so that the distribution of the load will not be rubber strips. Wooden strips shall be straight, have a cross
affectedappreciablybythedeformationoryieldingofanypart. section of not less than 2 in. in width and not less than 1 in. nor
1
4.3.3 The three-edge-bearing method of loading shall be morethan1 ⁄2in.inheightandshallhavethet
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C497 − 16 C497 − 16a
Standard Test Methods for
1
Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C497; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover testing of concrete pipe, manhole sections, and tile. The test methods described are used in
production testing and acceptance testing to evaluate the properties provided for in the specifications.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
Section
External Load Crushing Strength 4
Flat Slab Top 5
Core Strength 6
Absorption 7
Hydrostatic 8
Permeability 9
Manhole Step 10
Cylinder Strength 11
Gasket Lubricant 12
Joint Shear 13
Alkalinity 14
Gasket Measurements 15
1.3 The test specimens shall not have been exposed to a temperature below 40°F for the 24 h immediately preceding the test.
1.4 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons such as failure of testing equipment or improper specimen
preparation, it shall be discarded and another specimen taken.
1.5 Specimens shall be selected in accordance with the specifications for the type of pipe or tile being tested.
1.6 A complete metric companion to Test Methods C497 has been developed—C497M; therefore, no metric equivalents are
presented in these methods.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
C617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C1231/C1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016Sept. 1, 2016. Published June 2016September 2016. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 as
C497 – 15.C497 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/C0497-16.10.1520/C0497-16A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C497 − 16a
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.
4. External Load Crushing Strength Test by the Three-Edge Bearing Test Method
4.1 Summary of Test Method—The test specimen is tested in a machine designed to apply a crushing force upon the specimen
in a plane through the vertical axis extending along the length of the specimen.
4.2 Significance and Use—The crushing test shall be either a quality control test performed to establish that the finished,
shippable pipe has sufficient strength to withstand the crushing loads stated in the specifications or a proof of design test performed
to prove the adequacy of design.
4.3 Apparatus:
4.3.1 The testing machine shall be of any type of sufficient capacity and shall be capable of providing the rate of loading
prescribed in 4.5.3.
4.3.2 The testing machine shall be substantial and rigid throughout, so that the distribution of the load will not be affected
appreciably by the deformation or yielding of any part.
4.3.3 The three-edge-bearing method of loading shall
...