ASTM F2376-06
(Practice)Standard Practice for Classification, Design, Manufacture, Construction, and Operation of Water Slide Systems
Standard Practice for Classification, Design, Manufacture, Construction, and Operation of Water Slide Systems
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the classification, design, manufacture, construction, and operation of water slide systems. Water slide systems shall be defined as rides intended for use by riders in bathing attire where the action of the ride involves possible and purposeful immersion of the rider's body either in whole or in part in water, and uses circulating water to mobilize or lubricate the riders transportation along a purpose built path. This includes slides used with or without vehicles as defined below. The terms water slides, waterslides, and slides shall be considered equivalent when used in this practice.
1.2 For the purposes of this practice, a water slide system includes:
1.2.1 The flume,
1.2.2 The water-circulation system,
1.2.3 The starting platform with associated means of access and egress,
1.2.4 The structural supports,
1.2.5 Vehicles or other aquatic accessories that are part of the water slide as defined by the manufacturer, and
1.2.6 Means of slide termination.
1.3 This practice shall not apply to:
1.3.1 Any water slides installed in private residences,
1.3.2 Water flume amusement rides where contact with water is merely incidental (for example, log flume rides, shoot-the-chutes),
1.3.3 Amusement rides and devices whose design criteria are specifically addressed in another ASTM standard,
1.3.4 Lazy river type attractions operating at constant elevation, constructed in the ground, and
1.3.5 Pre-existing designs manufactured after the effective date of publication of this practice if the design is service proven or previously compliant, as defined in Section 3.1.26 of Practice F 2291, and the manufacturer provides:
A historical summary of the water slide, or major modification as defined in Terminology F 747, and
A statement that the design is service proven or previously compliant. Water slides and major modifications to water slides may qualify as previously compliant for five years following the date of publication of this practice. Thereafter, water slides and major modifications to water slides must qualify as service proven or meet the requirements of this practice.
Service proven or previously compliant designs shall comply with Section .
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.Note 1
The conversion factor from inch-pound to metric units is 1 in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb = 4.4482 N.
1.5 This practice includes an Appendix, which provides additional information to enhance the user's understanding of and application of the criteria presented in this practice, for example, rationale, background, drawings, interpretation, or commentary. The information in the Appendix shall not be considered a mandatory part of this practice.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F 2376 – 06
Standard Practice for
Classification, Design, Manufacture, Construction, and
Operation of Water Slide Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2376; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope water slides may qualify as previously compliant for five years
following the date of publication of this practice. Thereafter,
1.1 This practice applies to the classification, design, manu-
water slides and major modifications to water slides must
facture, construction, and operation of water slide systems.
qualify as service proven or meet the requirements of this
Water slide systems shall be defined as rides intended for use
practice.
by riders in bathing attire where the action of the ride involves
1.3.5.3 Service proven or previously compliant designs
possible and purposeful immersion of the rider’s body either in
shall comply with Section 7.
wholeorinpartinwater,andusescirculatingwatertomobilize
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
or lubricate the rider’s transportation along a purpose built
as standard. The values given in parentheses are for informa-
path. This includes slides used with or without vehicles as
tion only.
defined below. The terms water slides, waterslides, and slides
shall be considered equivalent when used in this practice.
NOTE 1—The conversion factor from inch-pound to metric units is 1
1.2 For the purposes of this practice, a water slide system
in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb = 4.4482 N.
includes:
1.5 This practice includes an Appendix, which provides
1.2.1 The flume,
additional information to enhance the user’s understanding of
1.2.2 The water-circulation system,
and application of the criteria presented in this practice, for
1.2.3 The starting platform with associated means of access
example, rationale, background, drawings, interpretation, or
and egress,
commentary. The information in the Appendix shall not be
1.2.4 The structural supports,
considered a mandatory part of this practice.
1.2.5 Vehicles or other aquatic accessories that are part of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the water slide as defined by the manufacturer, and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2.6 Means of slide termination.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 This practice shall not apply to:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.3.1 Any water slides installed in private residences,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3.2 Water flume amusement rides where contact with
water is merely incidental (for example, log flume rides,
2. Referenced Documents
shoot-the-chutes),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3.3 Amusement rides and devices whose design criteria
D 570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
are specifically addressed in another ASTM standard,
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
1.3.4 Lazy river type attractions operating at constant eleva-
D 790 TestMethodsforFlexuralPropertiesofUnreinforced
tion, constructed in the ground, and
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
1.3.5 Pre-existing designs manufactured after the effective
F 698 Specification for Physical Information to be Provided
date of publication of this practice if the design is service
for Amusement Rides and Devices
proven or previously compliant, as defined in Section 3.1.26 of
F 747 Terminology Relating to Amusement Rides and De-
Practice F 2291, and the manufacturer provides:
vices
1.3.5.1 A historical summary of the water slide, or major
F 770 Practice for Operation Procedures for Amusement
modification as defined in Terminology F 747, and
Rides and Devices
1.3.5.2 A statement that the design is service proven or
F 846 Guide for Testing Performance of Amusement Rides
previously compliant. Water slides and major modifications to
and Devices
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F24 onAmusement
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
RidesandDevicesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF24.70onWater
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Related Amusement Rides and Devices.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2006. Published January 2006.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2376–06
F 853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures forAmusement 3.1.12 multiple dispatch slide—slide that is designed for the
Rides and Devices slide attendant to dispatch or allow two or more individual
F 893 Guide for Inspection of Amusement Rides and De- riders or vehicles in the flume at one time.
vices 3.1.13 open flume—flume that does not completely encircle
F 1193 Practice forAmusement Ride and Device Manufac-
or enclose the rider.
turer Quality Assurance Program and Manufacturing Re-
3.1.14 owner/operator—person or organization that is re-
quirements
sponsible for the maintenance and operation of a water slide
F 1305 Guide for Classification of Amusement Ride and
system.
Device Related Injuries and Illnesses
3.1.15 rider—any person who is in the act of entering the
F 2291 Practice for Design of Amusement Rides and De-
flume, using the flume, or getting off of the flume.
vices
3.1.16 rider oscillation—repeated movement of rider or
2.2 ACI Standard:
vehicle, or both, back and forth across the width of a water
ACI-318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-
slide flume.
crete
3.1.17 run-out section—flume surface of a water slide
2.3 ASCE Standard:
where riders are intended to decelerate or come to a stop, or
ANSI/ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
both.
Other Structures
3.1.18 sign—display of symbols or language reasonably
2.4 USDA Document:
calculated to communicate information to riders or their
USDA-72 The Wood Handbook
parents or guardians, including placards, stickers, pictures,
pictograms, guidebooks, brochures, video, and visual signals.
3. Terminology
3.1.19 slide attendant—individual trained in facility and
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ride-specific emergency procedures, slide operating proce-
3.1.1 average slope—slide height divided by the length of dures, and responsible for dispatching and controlling rider
flume, expressed in percent, does not include slide entry
intervals as they enter and exit on water slides and attractions.
components or length of run out section.
3.1.20 safety sign—signage displayed in public view, prior
3.1.2 closed flume—flume that encloses the rider in a
to the entrance of the water slide, with information provided to
pipe-like cross-section.
the rider, which includes restrictions, warnings, and instruc-
3.1.3 fall distance—vertical distance between the terminus
tions.
of the slide surface and the water surface of the landing pool.
3.1.21 single dispatch slide—slide that is designed for the
3.1.4 flow meter—deviceusedtomeasurethewaterflowfor
slide attendant to dispatch or allow only a single rider or
a water slide.
vehicleintheflumeatonetime.Theriderorvehiclemustclear
3.1.5 flume—that part of the water slide that contains the
a specific exit point before the slide attendant dispatches the
rider(s) and defines the path of the water slide within which
next rider or vehicle.
sliding takes place.
3.1.22 slide entry section—thatpartofthewaterslidewhere
3.1.6 flume riser (splashguard)—extension of the sidewall
riders enter the flume from the starting platform.
of an open flume to contain riders or water and is capable of
3.1.23 slide exit section—that part of the water slide where
use as a riding surface.
riders leave the flume to come to a stop in a landing pool.
3.1.7 instructional signage—signage displayed in public
3.1.24 slide height—difference in elevation from the center-
viewpriortotheentranceoftheridewithinformationprovided
line of the flume at the slide exit to the centerline of the flume
to the rider, which informs them of instructions for proper use,
at slide entry, measured at the riding surface.
riding position, and expected rider behavior.
3.1.25 slide length—total length of the geometric invert of
3.1.8 landing pool—pool intended to receive riders from a
the flume from the slide exit to the slide entry.
water slide.
3.1.26 slide path—geometric layout of the flume sections
3.1.9 landing zone—area in a landing pool intended for
that make up the water slide.
receiving riders from a particular slide.
3.1.27 slide vehicle—device intended for use on a water
3.1.10 lifeguard—individual specially trained in lifesaving
slide upon which the rider(s) sits or lays while sliding.
and emergency procedures, responsible for monitoring patrons
3.1.28 specialty vehicle—proprietary vehicle sufficiently
and responding to aquatic and other emergencies.
different from other vehicles designated by the slide manufac-
3.1.11 mat—flexible sheet usually made of plastic or foam,
turer as suitable for use in a water slide.
suitable for use as a vehicle in a water slide flume to carry a
3.1.29 starting platform—deck structure, usually of sepa-
rider.
rate construction from the water slide, from which a given
water slide starts.
3.1.30 warning signage—signage displayed in public view
prior to the entrance of the water slide provided to the rider
Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
Hills, MI 48333.
identifying the features the rider will experience such as
Available from The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801
lighting effects.
Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.
3.1.31 water flow—water volume per unit time for a given
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. water slide.
F2376–06
3.1.32 water slide—see definition in Section 1.
3.1.33 water slide clearance envelope—design clearance to
minimize the opportunity for contact between the rider and
other objects, outside of the flume, where said contact is likely
to cause injury. See Figs. 1 and 2.
3.1.34 water slide system—see definition in Section 1.
3.1.35 water slide tube—inflated vehicle that floats in a
stable fashion in a pool intended for rider use on water slides.
The vehicle may have a bottom or have a hole intended for
seating and contains one or more riders as they ride in the
flume; often called a raft, boat, or tube.
3.2 Slide Classification—Water slides are classified by their
physical and intended use characteristics. The classification
maybeacombinationofthespecificridervehicleusedthetype
of geometric path, often serpentine or straight, and the desig-
nation as a speed slide if the rider’s velocity exceeds 25 ft/s.
The following are definitions of the types of water slides.
3.2.1 body slides—water slide used without a vehicle.
3.2.2 children’s slides—Water slides generally intended
only for use by persons under the height of 48 in. Water slide
has a maximum fall distance of 3 in. from slide exit where the
rider enters the water and water depth is no greater than 24 in.
3.2.3 mat slides—water slide used with a designated mat as
a vehicle.
3.2.4 serpentine slide—curved path as viewed in geometric
slide path.
FIG. 2 Water Slide Clearance Envelope
3.2.5 specialty slides—proprietary water slide design, such
asanuphill,half-pipe,orbowlride,whichdoesnotconformto
standard classification.
3.2.6 specialty vehicle slides—water slide used with a
proprietary vehicle specified by the manufacturer.
3.2.7 speed slide—water slide where the rider(s) achieve a
velocity of 25 ft/s or more during the course of the ride.
3.2.8 tube slides—water slide used with a single or multi-
person water slide tube.
4. Materials
4.1 Flume Material—Any material that has the following
basic properties and that meets all other requirements of this
practice may be used to construct water slides.
4.1.1 Flumes riding surfaces shall be constructed to be
smooth.
4.1.2 Flume material shall be demonstrated as strong
enough to support specified loads as defined in Section 7.
4.1.3 Flume components, maintained using the manufactur-
er’s instructions, shall not deteriorate over time in such a way
that a hazard will develop.
4.2 Support Materials—Any material that has the following
basic properties and that meets all other requirements of this
practice may be used to construct water slide supports.
4.2.1 Supports for water slides shall be constructed from
durable materials such as wood, metal, concrete, or engineered
FIG. 1 Water Slide Clearance Envelope composites.
F2376–06
4.2.2 Supports for water slides from metal shall be either 6.3.2.3 For water slides intended for use by children only,
inherently corrosion resistant, or be finished in such a way as the weight assigned to a child shall be as specified in Section
to provide protection from corrosion. 8.6.2 of Practice F 2291.
4.2.3 Wood materials shall be finished in such a way to 6.3.2.4 Ride loads shall be so arranged to cause the greatest
provide protection against deterioration.
realistic operational load to the system.
4.2.4 Support material shall be demonstrated as strong
6.3.2.5 Lateral centripetal forces shall be considered in
enough to support specified loads as defined in Section 6.
curvedsectionsofflume.Predictedriderspeedsshouldbeused
4.2.5 Supports shall be constructed to accommodate regular to calculate these forces. If speeds cannot be predicted, then a
inspection and maintenance for structural integrity, material minimum of 15 ft/s for flumes under 15 % slope and 30 ft/s for
deterioration, or corrosion, or a combination thereof. all other flumes shall be used.
6.3.2.6 If the manufacturer places maximum rider total
5. Notification Requirement
weight limits on a slide, then that restricted load may be used.
6.3.2.7 The weight of the rider vehicle shall be included in
5.1 Awater slide system shown to comply with this practice
determining rider load.
shallmeetallapplicablerequirementsspecifiedinthispractice.
Anyone representing compliance with this practice shall keep 6.4 Environmental Loads—Forces from environmental con-
such essential records as are necessary to document any claim ditions of the site such as wind, precipitation, earthquake, and
that the requirements within this specification have been met. changes in temperature.
5.2 The owner/operator of a water slide shall notify t
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