ASTM D3500-90(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Tension
Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Tension
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods determine the tensile properties of structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.
Test Method A—This test method is suited to material that is uniform with respect to tensile properties. It is normally applied to structural panels and plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers. It may also be used to evaluate the strength of scarf and finger joints and other manufacturing process variables that can be expected to influence the tensile properties of structural panels in a uniform manner across the width of the sheet.
Test Method B—This test method employs large test specimens and responds well to all manufacturing variables and growth characteristics that affect the tensile properties of structural panels.
It is recommended that where comparisons are to be made that the same test method and specimen size be used throughout. This is because the volume of material included in a test specimen can influence the tensile strength regardless of whether the material properties are uniform throughout the sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or manufacturing features.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the tensile properties of structural panels.
1.2 Structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board and composites of veneer, and other wood-based layers
1.3 Test Method A, Tensile Test for Small Specimens:
1.3.1 This test method employs small specimens that should have a reduced cross section at the center of their length to avoid failure in the grip area. The transition from full width of specimen to reduced section at the center should be gradual to minimize stress concentration.
1.3.2 When the measurements of elastic properties are to be made, the length of the reduced cross section at the center should be of sufficient length to accommodate an extensometer.
1.4 Test Method B, Tensile Test for Large Specimens:
1.4.1 This test method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables, plywood growth characteristics, and other defects influencing the tensile properties of structural panels.
1.4.2 The test specimens are large enough to contain the maximum sized defects found in plywood panels. The test specimens have a constant cross section since the size and location of defects control the location of failures and the effect of stress concentration at the grips is overshadowed.
1.4.3 This test method is recommended for the following:
1.4.3.1 Comparative tests of structural panels,
1.4.3.2 Determining the influence of any specific strength reducing defects on the tensile properties of structural panels,
1.4.3.3 Determination of tensile properties of plywood and composites containing veneer with growth and manufacturing characteristics.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3500 − 90 (Reapproved 2009)
StandardTest Methods for
Structural Panels in Tension
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tensile properties of structural panels.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 Structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
oriented strand board and composites of veneer, and other
wood-based layers
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 Test Method A, Tensile Test for Small Specimens:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3.1 Thistestmethodemployssmallspecimensthatshould
D2395Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and
have a reduced cross section at the center of their length to
Wood-Based Materials
avoid failure in the grip area. The transition from full width of
D4442Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
specimen to reduced section at the center should be gradual to
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
minimize stress concentration.
1.3.2 When the measurements of elastic properties are to be
3. Significance and Use
made, the length of the reduced cross section at the center
3.1 These test methods determine the tensile properties of
shouldbeofsufficientlengthtoaccommodateanextensometer.
structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of
1.4 Test Method B, Tensile Test for Large Specimens:
the panel.
1.4.1 This test method employs large specimens and re-
3.2 Test Method A—This test method is suited to material
sponds well to manufacturing variables, plywood growth
that is uniform with respect to tensile properties. It is normally
characteristics, and other defects influencing the tensile prop-
applied to structural panels and plywood of clear, straight-
erties of structural panels.
grained veneers. It may also be used to evaluate the strength of
1.4.2 The test specimens are large enough to contain the
scarf and finger joints and other manufacturing process vari-
maximum sized defects found in plywood panels. The test
ables that can be expected to influence the tensile properties of
specimens have a constant cross section since the size and
structural panels in a uniform manner across the width of the
locationofdefectscontrolthelocationoffailuresandtheeffect
sheet.
of stress concentration at the grips is overshadowed.
3.3 Test Method B—This test method employs large test
1.4.3 This test method is recommended for the following:
specimens and responds well to all manufacturing variables
1.4.3.1 Comparative tests of structural panels,
and growth characteristics that affect the tensile properties of
1.4.3.2 Determining the influence of any specific strength
structural panels.
reducing defects on the tensile properties of structural panels,
1.4.3.3 Determination of tensile properties of plywood and
3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be
composites containing veneer with growth and manufacturing
made that the same test method and specimen size be used
characteristics.
throughout.This is because the volume of material included in
a test specimen can influence the tensile strength regardless of
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
whether the material properties are uniform throughout the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
manufacturing features.
and are not considered standard.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3500–90(2003). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D3500-90R09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3500 − 90 (Reapproved 2009)
4. Control of Moisture Content (Test Method B). Specimens containing veneer shall be free of
visible knots or voids in any ply.
4.1 Structural panel specimens to be tested at specific
moisture contents or after reaching equilibrium moisture con-
TEST METHOD A—TENSILE PROPERTIES
tent at specific temperature and relative humidity conditions
OF SMALL SPECIMENS
shall be conditioned to approximate constant weight in con-
trolled atmospheric conditions. For approximating moisture 6. Test Specimens
conditions of structural panels used under dry conditions, a
6.1 Specimens may be of Types A, B, or C in Fig. 1.
relative humidity of 65 6 2% at a temperature of (68 6 6°F)
6.1.1 When the evaluation of elastic properties as well as
(20 6 3°C) is recommended.
ultimate tensile strength is required, the size and shape of the
test specimen shall be selected on the basis of the construction
5. Variables Influencing Tensile Properties of Structural
and thickness of the material. For other structural panels, and
Panels
plywood or composites with the grain of the individual veneer
5.1 Moisture Content—Moisture content shall be deter-
plies or laminations making grain angles of individual veneer
mined in accordance with Test Method D4442.
laminaof0or90°,TypeAshallbeusedformaterialover ⁄4in.
5.2 Specific Gravity—Determine specific gravity in accor- (6 mm) in thickness and Type B for material ⁄4 in. (6 mm) or
dance with Test Methods D2395. The specimen may be the lessinthickness.Forplywoodwithanangleotherthan0or90°
same as that for moisture content determination but must have between the length of the specimens and the grain orientation,
3 3
volumeofatleast1in. (16cm )iffromsmallspecimens(Test TypeCshallbeusedregardlessofthethicknessofthematerial.
3 3
MethodA),andatleast3in. (49cm )iffromlargespecimens The specimens shall have a thickness equal to that of the
U.S. Customary Metric Equivalents U.S. Customary Metric Equivalents
Units, in. mm Units, in. mm
1 7
⁄4 63 ⁄8 98
1 1
⁄2 13 4 ⁄8 105
125 4 ⁄4 108
1 ⁄8 48 16 406
2 ⁄2 64 20 503
2 ⁄8 67 25 635
2 ⁄8 73 30 762
NOTE 1—A generous radius of curvature at the minimum section as provided in this specimen is highly desirable.
FIG. 1 Dimensions and Details of Tension Test Specimens
D3500 − 90 (Reapproved 2009)
material. The thickness and the width of each specimen at the
critical section shall be measured to an accuracy of not less
than 60.3% or 0.001 in. (0.02 mm) whichever is larger.
6.1.2 The test specimens shall be properly shaped, using a
template in conjunction with a vertical-spindle wood-working
sh
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3500–90(Reapproved 2003) Designation:D3500–90(Reapproved2009)
Standard Test Methods for
Structural Panels in Tension
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the tensile properties of structural panels.
1.2 Structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board and composites of veneer, and other
wood-based layers
1.3 Test Method A, Tensile Test for Small Specimens:
1.3.1 This test method employs small specimens that should have a reduced cross section at the center of their length to avoid
failure in the grip area. The transition from full width of specimen to reduced section at the center should be gradual to minimize
stress concentration.
1.3.2 When the measurements of elastic properties are to be made, the length of the reduced cross section at the center should
be of sufficient length to accommodate an extensometer.
1.4 Test Method B, Tensile Test for Large Specimens:
1.4.1 This test method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables, plywood growth characteristics,
and other defects influencing the tensile properties of structural panels.
1.4.2 The test specimens are large enough to contain the maximum sized defects found in plywood panels. The test specimens
have a constant cross section since the size and location of defects control the location of failures and the effect of stress
concentration at the grips is overshadowed.
1.4.3 This test method is recommended for the following:
1.4.3.1 Comparative tests of structural panels,
1.4.3.2 Determining the influence of any specific strength reducing defects on the tensile properties of structural panels,
1.4.3.3 Determination of tensile properties of plywood and composites containing veneer with growth and manufacturing
characteristics.
1.5
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
D 4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
3. Significance and Use
3.1 These test methods determine the tensile properties of structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the
panel.
3.2 Test Method A—Thistestmethodissuitedtomaterialthatisuniformwithrespecttotensileproperties.Itisnormallyapplied
to structural panels and plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers. It may also be used to evaluate the strength of scarf and finger
joints and other manufacturing process variables that can be expected to influence the tensile properties of structural panels in a
uniform manner across the width of the sheet.
3.3 Test Method B—This test method employs large test specimens and responds well to all manufacturing variables and growth
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
Current edition approved Oct. 26, 1990. Published December 1990. Originally published as D3500–76. Last previous edition D3500–76(1986).
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 3500 – 90 (2003).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3500–90 (2009)
characteristics that affect the tensile properties of structural panels.
3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be made that the same test method and specimen size be used throughout.
This is because the volume of material included in a test specimen can influence the tensile strength regardless of whether the
material properties are uniform throughout the sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or manufacturing features.
4. Control of Moisture Content
4.1 Structural panel specimens to be tested at specific moisture contents or after reaching equilibrium moisture content at
specific temperature and relative humidity conditions shall be conditioned to approximate constant weight in controlled
atmospheric conditions. For approximating moisture conditions of structural panels used under dry conditions, a relative humidity
of 65 6 2 % at a temperature of (68 6 6°F) (20 6 3°C) is recommended.
5. Variables Influencing Tensile Properties of Structural Panels
5.1 Moisture Content—Moisture content shall be determined in accordance with Test Method D 4442.
5.2 Specific Gravity—Determine specific gravity in accordance with Test Methods D 2395. The specimen may be the same as
3 3
that for moisture content determination but must have volume of at least 1 in. (16 cm ) if from small specimens (Test Method
3 3
A),andatleast3in. (49cm )iffromlargespecimens(TestMethodB).Specimenscontainingveneershallbefreeofvisibleknots
or voids in any ply.
TEST METHOD A—TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF SMALL SPECIMENS
6. Test Specimens
6.1 Specimens may be of Types A, B, or C in Fig. 1.
U.S. Customary Metric Equivalents U.S. Customary Metric Equivalents
Units, in. mm Units, in. mm
1 7
⁄4 63 ⁄8 98
1 1
⁄2 13 4 ⁄8 105
125 4 ⁄4 108
1 ⁄8 48 16 406
2 ⁄2 64 20 503
2 ⁄8 67 25 635
2 ⁄8 73 30 762
NOTE 1—A generous radius of curvature at the minimum section as provided in this specimen is highly desirable.
FIG. 1 Dimensions and Details of Tension Test Specimens
D3500–90 (2009)
6.1.1 When the evaluation of elastic properties as well as ultimate tensile strength is required, the size and shape of the test
specimen shall be selected on the basis of the construction and thickness of the material. For other structural panels, and plywood
or composites with the grain of the individual veneer plies or laminations making grain angles of individual veneer lamina of 0
1 1
or 90°, TypeAshall be used for material over ⁄4 in. (6 mm) in thickness and Type B for material ⁄4 in. (6 mm) or less in thickness.
For plywood with an angle other than 0 or 90° between the length of the specimens and the grain orientation, Type C shall be used
regardless of the thickness of the material. The specimens shall have a thickness equal to that of the material. The thickness and
the width of each specimen at the critical section shall be measured to an accuracy of not less than 60.3 % or 0.001 in. (0.02 mm)
whichever is larger.
6.1.2 Thetestspecimenssh
...
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