ASTM D4970/D4970M-10e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.
If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.
The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include: type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric finishing trea...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester. The procedure generally is applicable to all types of fabrics, being particularly suitable for woven fabrics.
Note 1—For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for fabrics thicker than 3 mm [0.125 in.] because such fabrics cannot be mounted in the specimen holder.
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation: D4970/D4970M − 10
StandardTest Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
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Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4970/D4970M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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ε NOTE—12.1.1 was corrected editorially in September 2010.
1. Scope Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush
Pilling Tester
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
D3512/D3512M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and
tancetotheformationofpillsandotherrelatedsurfacechanges
Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Ran-
on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester. The procedure
dom Tumble Pilling Tester
generally is applicable to all types of fabrics, being particularly
D3514 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related
suitable for woven fabrics.
Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
NOTE 1—For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles,
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.
Methods
1.2 This test method is not suitable for fabrics thicker than
D7018 Terminology Relating to Glass Fiber and Its Products
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3 mm [0.125 in.] because such fabrics cannot be mounted in
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
the specimen holder.
ADJD3512 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random
Tumble Pilling Test
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before
testing.
3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Methods, General, refer to Terminologies D4850 and D7018.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
cycle, fuzz, movement, pilling resistance, pills.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminol-
ogy D123.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Pilling and other changes in the surface appearance,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
such as fuzzing, that occur in normal wear are simulated on a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
laboratory testing machine. Fabrics are mounted on the Mar-
2. Referenced Documents tindale Tester, and the face of the test specimen is rubbed
2 against the face of the same mounted fabric in the form of a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
geometric figure, that is, a straight line, which becomes a
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
gradually widening ellipse, until it forms another straight line
D3511/D3511M Test Method for Pilling Resistance and
in the opposite direction and traces the same figure again under
light pressure for a specific number of movements. The degree
of fabric pilling or surface appearance change produced by this
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
action is evaluated by comparison of the tested specimen with
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
Specific.
visual standards that may be actual fabrics, or photographs of
Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally
fabrics, showing a range of pilling resistance. The observed
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4970 – 07. DOI:
resistance to pilling is reported using an arbitrary rating scale.
10.1520/D4970-10E01.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4970/D4970M − 10
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics
resistancetopillingisnotrecommendedforacceptancetesting.
If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with
caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some
cases the purchaser or supplier may have
...
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