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ASTM D5048-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using 125-mm Flame

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using 125-mm Flame

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test results represent afterflame plus afterglow time, in seconds, for a material under the conditions of the test. The test results for plaques also indicate whether or not the specified flame will burn through a material.
The effect of material thickness, colors, additives, deterioration, and possible loss of volatile components is measurable.
The burning characteristics may vary with thickness. Test data should only be compared with data for materials of comparable thickness.
The results serve as a reference for comparing the relative performance of materials and can be an aid in material selection.
In this test method, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will not always be possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a small-scale laboratory procedure for determining the relative burning characteristics and the resistance to burn-through of plastics using small bar and plaque specimens exposed to a 125-mm (500-W nominal) flame.
Note 1—This test method and IEC 60695-11-20 are technically equivalent.
Note 2—For additional information on comparative burning characteristics of solid plastics in a vertical position, see Test Method D 3801.
1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standards applicable to such equipment.
1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.
1.4 This test method may be applied to other nonmetallic materials if found to be appropriate.
1.5 This test method is not intended to cover plastics when used as materials for building construction or finishing.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  See 6.1 for a specific hazard statement.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-2003
ICS
13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.30 - Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5048-97 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using 125-mm Flame
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D5048-09 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using 125-mm Flame
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009
Referred By
ASTM D3801-20a - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003
Referred By
ASTM E1783/E1783M-96(2017) - Standard Specification for Preformed Architectural Strip Seals for Buildings and Parking Structures
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003
Referred By
ASTM D5025-20a - Standard Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003

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ASTM D5048-03 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using 125-mm FlameASTM D5048-03 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using 125-mm Flame
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ASTM D5048-03 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using 125-mm Flame
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5048 – 03
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and
Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using a
1
125-mm Flame
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a small-scale 2.1 ASTM Standards:
laboratory procedure for determining the relative burning D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
characteristics and the resistance to burn-through of plastics D 3801 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burn-
using small bar and plaque specimens exposed to a 125-mm ing Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position
(500-W nominal) flame. D 5025 Specification for a Laboratory Burner Used for
Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials
NOTE 1—This test method and IEC 60695-11-20 are technically
D 5207 Practice for Calibration of 20 and 125-mm Test
equivalent.
Flames for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials
NOTE 2—For additional information on comparative burning character-
E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards
istics of solid plastics in a vertical position, see Test Method D 3801.
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are
3
2.2 IEC Standard:
intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their accept-
IEC 60695-11-20 Fire Hazard Testing-Part 11-20: Test
ability with respect to flammability for a particular application.
Flames - 500 W Flame Test Methods
The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use
in complete equipment that conforms with the standards
3. Terminology
applicable to such equipment.
3.1 Definitions—For terms relating to plastics, the defini-
1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is
tions in this test method are in accordance with Terminology
intended for quality assurance and the preselection of compo-
D 883.Fortermsrelatingtofire,thedefinitionsusedinthistest
nent materials for products.
method are in accordance with Terminology E 176.
1.4 This test method may be applied to other nonmetallic
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
materials if found to be appropriate.
3.2.1 afterflame—persistence of flaming of a material, after
1.5 This test method is not intended to cover plastics when
the ignition source has been removed.
used as materials for building construction or finishing.
3.2.2 afterflame time—the length of time for which a
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the
material continues to flame, under specified conditions, after
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
the ignition source has been removed.
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
3.2.3 afterglow—persistence of glowing of a material, after
incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk
cessation of flaming or, if no flaming occurs, after removal of
assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual
the ignition source.
fire conditions.
3.2.4 afterglow time—the length of time for which a mate-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rial continues to glow under specified test conditions, after the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ignition source has been removed or cessation of flaming, or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
both.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.1 for a
specific hazard statement.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics the ASTM website.
3
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties. Publications of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) are
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originally available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 5048 – 97. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Uni
...

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5.1 The test results represent the afterflame and afterglow times, in seconds, for a material under the conditions of the test.  
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5.3 The effect of material thickness, colors, additives, deterioration, and possible loss of volatile components is measurable.  
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ASTM D635-22(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests made on a material under conditions herein prescribed are of value in comparing the rate of burning or extent and time of burning characteristics, or both, of different materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, or as a measure of deterioration or change in these burning characteristics prior to or during use. Correlation with flammability under actual use conditions is not implied.  
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Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using a 125-mm Flame

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test results present afterflame plus afterglow times, in seconds, for a material under the conditions of the test. The test results for plaques also indicate whether or not the specified flame will burn through a material.  
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1.1 This fire-test-response standard contains a test method for small-scale laboratory procedures to be used to determine the relative burning characteristics and the resistance to burn-through of plastics using small bar and plaque specimens exposed to a 125-mm (500-W nominal) flame.  
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ASTM D3801-20a(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The tests results represent afterflame and afterglow time in seconds for a material of specified shape, under the conditions of this test method.  
5.2 The effect of material thickness, color additives, and possible loss of volatile components is measurable.  
5.3 The results, when tabulated, are potentially useful as a reference for comparing the relative performance of materials and as an aid in material selection.  
5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. Different test conditions will likely result in changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.
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1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a small-scale laboratory procedure for determining comparative burning characteristics of solid-plastic material, using a 20-mm (50W) premixed flame applied to the base of specimens held in a vertical position.  
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Note 2: This test method and Test Method B of IEC 60695–11–10 are equivalent. IEC 60695–11–10 has replaced ISO 1210.
Note 3: For additional information on materials that burn up to the holding clamp by this test method, see Test Method D635. For test methods of flexible plastics in the form of thin sheets and film, see Test Method D4804. For additional information on comparative burning characteristics and resistance to burn-through, see Test Method D5048.  
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1.3 The classification system described in the appendix is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.  
1.4 It is possible that this test is applicable to nonmetallic materials other than plastics. Such application is outside the scope of this technical committee.  
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
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ASTM D4804-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Flammability Characteristics of Nonrigid Solid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test results represent the afterflame and afterglow times, in seconds, for a material under the conditions of the test.  
5.2 The afterflame and afterglow times and other burning phenomena will vary with thickness. Test data shall only be compared with data for material of the same comparable thickness.  
5.3 The effect of material thickness, colors, additives, deterioration, and possible loss of volatile components is measurable.  
5.4 The results serve as a reference for comparing the relative performance of materials and can be an aid in material selection.  
5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will not always be possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response test methods describe small-scale laboratory procedures for determining the comparative burning characteristics of solid plastic materials that, due to specimen thinness and nonrigidity, distort, shrink, and/or are consumed up to holding clamp when tested using Test Method D3801. A flame is applied to the base of specimens held in a vertical position and the extinguishing times are determined upon removal of the test flame.  
1.2 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.  
1.3 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
Note 1: This standard is equivalent to ISO 9773, IEC 60695-11-10, and UL 94 (Section 11).
Note 2: For rate of burning of nonrigid solid plastics in a horizontal position, formerly Test Method B of this test method, see Test Method D635.  
1.4 This test method is not intended to cover plastics when used as materials for building construction or finishing.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.1.1.  
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ASTM D635-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests made on a material under conditions herein prescribed are of value in comparing the rate of burning or extent and time of burning characteristics, or both, of different materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, or as a measure of deterioration or change in these burning characteristics prior to or during use. Correlation with flammability under actual use conditions is not implied.  
5.2 The rate of burning and other burning phenomena will be affected by such factors as density, pigments, any anisotropy of the material and the thickness of the specimen. Test data shall be compared only for specimens of similar thickness, whether comparisons are being made with the same or different materials. The rate of burning and other burning phenomena will vary with thickness.  
5.3 It is feasible that sheet materials that have been stretched during processing will relax during burning and give erratic results unless they are first heated above their deflection temperature, in accordance with Test Method D648, for a time sufficient to permit complete relaxation.  
5.4 Burning tests require that certain variables be arbitrarily fixed, for example, specimen size, energy source and application time, and end points. Materials will be found that are unusually sensitive to one or more of the conditions chosen for this method leading to highly variable results. Additional burning characterization by other methods is highly desirable in such cases (see Note 2).  
5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will not always be possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative linear rate of burning or extent and time of burning, or both, of plastics in the form of bars, molded or cut from sheets, plates, or panels, and tested in the horizontal position.  
Note 1: This test method, and test method A of IEC 60695-11-10 are technically equivalent.
Note 2: For additional information on materials which do not burn to the first reference mark by this test, see Test Method D3801.  
1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standard applicable to such equipment.  
1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 9.2.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Internati...

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ASTM
ASTM D5048-20a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using a 125-mm Flame

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test results present afterflame plus afterglow times, in seconds, for a material under the conditions of the test. The test results for plaques also indicate whether or not the specified flame will burn through a material.  
5.2 The test is capable of assessing the effects of material thickness, colors, additives, deterioration, and possible loss of volatile components on afterflame and afterglow.  
5.3 The burning characteristics is found to vary with thickness. Test data shall be compared only with data for material of the same thickness.  
5.4 The results serve as a reference for comparing the relative performance of materials and can be an aid in material selection.  
5.5 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will not always be possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard contains a test method for small-scale laboratory procedures to be used to determine the relative burning characteristics and the resistance to burn-through of plastics using small bar and plaque specimens exposed to a 125-mm (500-W nominal) flame.  
1.1.1 Use Test Method D3801 for assessing comparative burning characteristics of solid plastics in a vertical position.
Note 1: This test method is equivalent to IEC 60695-11-20 and UL 94 (Section 9).  
1.2 The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in the end-product that conforms with the standards applicable to such end-product.  
1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.  
1.4 If found to be appropriate, it is suitable to apply the requirements to other nonmetallic materials. Such application is outside the scope of this technical committee.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  See 6.1.1 for a specific hazard statement.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3801-20a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The tests results represent afterflame and afterglow time in seconds for a material of specified shape, under the conditions of this test method.  
5.2 The effect of material thickness, color additives, and possible loss of volatile components is measurable.  
5.3 The results, when tabulated, are potentially useful as a reference for comparing the relative performance of materials and as an aid in material selection.  
5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. Different test conditions will likely result in changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a small-scale laboratory procedure for determining comparative burning characteristics of solid-plastic material, using a 20-mm (50W) premixed flame applied to the base of specimens held in a vertical position.  
Note 1: This test method and the 20 mm (50W) Vertical Burning Test (V-0, V-1, or V-2) of ANSI/UL 94 are equivalent.
Note 2: This test method and Test Method B of IEC 60695–11–10 are equivalent. IEC 60695–11–10 has replaced ISO 1210.
Note 3: For additional information on materials that burn up to the holding clamp by this test method, see Test Method D635. For test methods of flexible plastics in the form of thin sheets and film, see Test Method D4804. For additional information on comparative burning characteristics and resistance to burn-through, see Test Method D5048.  
1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standards applicable to such equipment.  
1.3 The classification system described in the appendix is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.  
1.4 It is possible that this test is applicable to nonmetallic materials other than plastics. Such application is outside the scope of this technical committee.  
1.5 This test method does not cover plastics when used for building construction, finishing or contents such as wall and floor coverings, furnishings, decorative objects etc. In addition, the fire resistance (in terms of an hourly rating), flame spread, smoke characterization and heat release rate are not evaluated by this test. Other fire tests exist and shall be used to evaluate the flammability of materials in these intended end use product configuration.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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