ASTM C948-81(2023)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dry and Wet Bulk Density, Water Absorption, and Apparent Porosity of Thin Sections of Glass-Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Standard Test Method for Dry and Wet Bulk Density, Water Absorption, and Apparent Porosity of Thin Sections of Glass-Fiber Reinforced Concrete
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Material properties determined by this test method are useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete, ascertaining compliance with governing specifications, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determinations of dry and wet bulk density, water absorption, and apparent porosity of thin sections of glass-fiber reinforced concrete.
Note 1: This test method does not involve a determination of absolute specific gravity. Therefore, such pore space as may be present in the specimen that is not emptied during the specified drying or is not filled with water during the specified immersion is considered “impermeable” and is not differentiated from the solid portion of the specimen for the calculations, especially those for percent voids.
Depending upon the pore size distribution and the pore entry radii of the specimen and on the purposes for which the test results are desired, the procedures of this method may be adequate, or they may be insufficiently rigorous. In the event that it is desired to fill more of the pores than will be filled by immersion, various techniques involving the use of vacuum treatment or increased pressure may be used. If a rigorous measure of total pore space is desired, this can only be obtained by determining absolute specific gravity by first reducing the sample to discrete particles, each of which is sufficiently small so that no impermeable space can exist within any of the particles.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C948 − 81 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Dry and Wet Bulk Density, Water Absorption, and Apparent
Porosity of Thin Sections of Glass-Fiber Reinforced
Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Significance and Use
2.1 Material properties determined by this test method are
1.1 This test method covers the determinations of dry and
useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete,
wet bulk density, water absorption, and apparent porosity of
ascertaining compliance with governing specifications, and
thin sections of glass-fiber reinforced concrete.
research and development.
NOTE 1—This test method does not involve a determination of absolute
specific gravity. Therefore, such pore space as may be present in the
3. Apparatus
specimen that is not emptied during the specified drying or is not filled
with water during the specified immersion is considered “impermeable” 3.1 Balance, sensitive to 0.025 % of the mass of the
and is not differentiated from the solid portion of the specimen for the
specimen, suitable for determining the mass of the specimen in
calculations, especially those for percent voids.
water as well as in air.
Depending upon the pore size distribution and the pore entry radii of
the specimen and on the purposes for which the test results are desired, the 3.2 Container, suitable for immersing the specimen and
procedures of this method may be adequate, or they may be insufficiently
suitable wire for suspending the specimen in water.
rigorous. In the event that it is desired to fill more of the pores than will
be filled by immersion, various techniques involving the use of vacuum
4. Sampling
treatment or increased pressure may be used. If a rigorous measure of total
pore space is desired, this can only be obtained by determining absolute
4.1 Sampling method shall be in accordance with governing
specific gravity by first reducing the sample to discrete particles, each of
specifications.
which is sufficiently small so that no impermeable space can exist within
any of the particles.
5. Test Specimen
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.1 Whenever possible, the sample shall consist of indi-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
vidual portions of glass-fiber reinforced concrete, each to be
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
tested separately. The individual portions may be pieces of any
and are not considered standard.
desired shape or size, except that the volume of each portion
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the shall be not less than 25 cm (or 50 g nominal mass glass-fiber
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the reinforced concrete, approximately 1.7 oz, and shall not be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- greater than 650 cm or 1300 g nominal glass-fiber reinforced
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- concrete, approximately 46 oz); and each portion shall be free
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. of observable cracks, fissures, or shattered edges.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
6. Procedure
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 6.1 Immersed Mass and Saturated Surface—Dry Mass After
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Immersion:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 6.1.1 Immerse the specimen in water at approximately 21°C
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
(70°F) for not less than 24 h and until two successive
determinations of mass of the surf
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.