ASTM C1075-17(2022)
(Practice)Standard Practices for Sampling Uranium-Ore Concentrate
Standard Practices for Sampling Uranium-Ore Concentrate
ABSTRACT
These practices are intended to provide the nuclear industry with procedures for obtaining representative bulk samples from uranium-ore concentrates (UOC) and for obtaining a series of representative secondary samples from the original bulk sample for the determination of moisture and other test purposes, and for the preparation of pulverized analytical samples. These practices consist of a number of alternative procedures for (1) primary sampling such as one-stage falling stream, two-stage falling stream, and Auger sampling; (2) secondary sampling such as straight-path (reciprocating) cutter sampling and rotating (Vezin) cutter multi-sampling; (3) sample preparation such as concurrent-drying, natural moisture, and calcination; and (4) sample packaging such as wax sealing and vacuum sealing. These procedures do not include requirements for health, safety, and accountability. The material and sampling equipment requirements are detailed. Schematic diagrams of the primary and secondary samplers are provided.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices are intended to provide the nuclear industry with procedures for obtaining representative bulk samples from uranium-ore concentrates (UOC) (see Specification C967).
1.2 These practices also provide for obtaining a series of representative secondary samples from the original bulk sample for the determination of moisture and other test purposes, and for the preparation of pulverized analytical samples (see Test Methods C1022 and C1843).
1.3 These practices consist of a number of alternative procedures for sampling and sample preparation which have been shown to be satisfactory through long experience in the nuclear industry. These procedures are described in the following order.
Stage
Procedure
Section
Primary Sampling
One-stage falling stream
5
Two-stage falling stream
6
Auger
7
Secondary Sampling
Straight-path (reciprocating)
8
Rotating (Vezin)
9, 10
1.3.1 The primary and secondary sampling stages can be organized in the following way:
1.3.2 It is possible to combine the various elements of these stages in different ways to give satisfactory results depending on the agreed requirements of the contracting parties. For a given stage, however, each procedure must be regarded as a whole. It is highly inadvisable to mix elements belonging to different procedures.
1.4 These procedures do not include requirements for health, safety, and accountability. The observance of these practices does not relieve the user of the obligation to be aware of and to conform to all applicable international, federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to processing, shipping, or using uranium-ore concentrates. (Guidance is provided in CFR 10, Chapter 1.)
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1075 − 17 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practices for
Sampling Uranium-Ore Concentrate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1075; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4 These procedures do not include requirements for
health, safety, and accountability. The observance of these
1.1 These practices are intended to provide the nuclear
practicesdoesnotrelievetheuseroftheobligationtobeaware
industry with procedures for obtaining representative bulk
of and to conform to all applicable international, federal, state,
samples from uranium-ore concentrates (UOC) (see Specifica-
and local regulations pertaining to processing, shipping, or
tion C967).
usinguranium-oreconcentrates.(GuidanceisprovidedinCFR
1.2 These practices also provide for obtaining a series of
10, Chapter 1.)
representative secondary samples from the original bulk
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
sample for the determination of moisture and other test
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
purposes, and for the preparation of pulverized analytical
only.
samples (see Test Methods C1022 and C1843).
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.3 These practices consist of a number of alternative
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
procedures for sampling and sample preparation which have
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
been shown to be satisfactory through long experience in the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
nuclearindustry.Theseproceduresaredescribedinthefollow-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ing order.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Stage Procedure Section
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Primary Sampling One-stage falling stream 5
Two-stage falling stream 6
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Auger 7
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Secondary Sampling Straight-path (reciprocating) 8
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Rotating (Vezin) 9, 10
1.3.1 The primary and secondary sampling stages can be
2. Referenced Documents
organized in the following way:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C859Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C967Specification for Uranium Ore Concentrate
C1022Test Methods for Chemical and Atomic Absorption
Analysis of Uranium-Ore Concentrate
C1843Test Method for Determining Moisture Content in
Uranium-Ore Concentrate
2.2 Other Document:
1.3.2 It is possible to combine the various elements of these
CFR 10 Nuclear Materials Licensing Code of Federal
stages in different ways to give satisfactory results depending
Regulations, Chapter 1
on the agreed requirements of the contracting parties. For a
given stage, however, each procedure must be regarded as a
3. Terminology
whole. It is highly inadvisable to mix elements belonging to
3.1 Except as otherwise defined herein, definitions of terms
different procedures.
are as given in Terminology C859.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ThesepracticesareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC26onNuclear contact ASTM Customer Sevice at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fuel Cycle and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.02 on Fuel and Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Fertile Material Specifications. the ASTM website.
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1075–17. DOI: 10.1520/ 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
C1075-17R22. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1075 − 17 (2022)
4. General Requirements dusting. In any case, the amount of dust escaping the sampling
operations must be kept to a minimum.
4.1 Material Requirements:
4.2.2 The scales for the gross and tare weights of the drums
4.1.1 The uranium-ore concentrates shall be free-flowing
shall be capable of reading to the nearest 0.2 kg (0.5 lb) and
and of a particle size not to exceed 6 mm (0.25 in.) or such
shall be fitted with a print-out or data processing system, or
other limit agreed upon between contracting parties.
both. They shall have a capacity of 600 kg (1300 lb). The
4.1.2 The average moisture content shall not exceed 5.0%
weigh scale shall be calibrated and adjusted if required, at the
weight of the uranium-ore concentrates.
beginning, middle, and end of each lot weighed. Test weights
4.1.3 The material shall be shipped to the sampling plant in
shall be certified by a statutory authority and shall be traceable
200L (55-gal) standard steel drums that are fitted with steel
to national or state standards.
lids and equipped with suitable gasket, sealing rings, and
4.2.3 All sampling containers shall be clean and dry before
sealing bungs (if applicable) to ensure weatherproofing. The
usage.
drums shall be constructed so that the top of the drum is fully
open when the lid is removed.
5. Primary Sampling, Falling Stream—1 % In One Stage
4.1.4 The number of drums in a sampling lot shall not
exceed90andthegrossweightshallnotexceed45metrictons 5.1 Scope—The falling-stream procedure provides for re-
(100000 lb). moving a large number of increments of the material as it falls
4.1.5 Aminimumnumberofdrumsinasamplinglotmaybe freely at a uniform, controlled rate.All of the material in a lot
established depending upon the sampling procedure used. passes through the system and is subject to incremental
sampling.
4.2 Sampling Equipment Requirements:
4.2.1 Care shall be taken in the design and operation of the 5.2 Sampling Equipment Requirements:
sampling and all associated equipment to minimize the ex- 5.2.1 A schematic diagram of a typical falling-stream sam-
changes of air between the atmosphere and the sampling pling facility is shown in Fig. 1. Subsequent procedures are
system. For obvious safety reasons dust-carrying internal air described by reference to this equipment.
must be prevented from escaping the system. This is achieved 5.2.2 Theflowofmaterialthroughthefalling-streamsystem
by means of dust collectors. The latter, however, shall be shall be controlled by a rotary valve discharging to the hopper
designed and operated in such a way that a minimum amount orpanofthefirststagevibratingfeeder.Therateofflowshould
−2 3 3
ofexternalairshallbeallowedintothesystem.Thepurposeof not exceed 4.5×10 ·m (1.6 ft )/min and also should be
this is (1) to limit the exchanges of moisture between the controlled so that the cutter obtains from the falling stream at
−2 3 3
atmosphere and the UOC and (2) to prevent a size-selective least 1 cut/2.8×10 ·m (1.0 ft ) of material.
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Falling-Stream Primary Sampler In One Stage
C1075 − 17 (2022)
5.2.3 The first stage vibrating feeder should be adjusted so 5.3.4 Afterthedrumisemptied,tareweightheemptydrum,
that the depth of the material in the trough (pan) does not lid, drum ring, and bolt.
exceed 50 mm (2.0 in.), and that the entire vertical cross 5.3.5 Equip the bin into which the drums are dumped such
section of the falling stream is totally intercepted by the cutter astofacilitatetheflowcontrolandthetransferofmaterialfrom
head. the bin.The bin should have a conical bottom with a discharge
5.2.4 The samplers should be designed and constructed as opening or a size that will provide the desired flow.
follows: 5.3.6 Therotaryvalvedischargeisreceivedonanelongated
5.2.4.1 Approximately 1% of the falling stream shall be vibrating feeder that stabilizes a consistent flow rate.
diverted by the cutter. With small lots (for example, less than 5.3.7 Remove a portion of the falling stream and receive it
10 tons), however, a larger percentage may be implemented in in a convenient surge bin mounted on a weighing system.
order to fulfill the requirements of the secondary sampling 5.3.8 The contents of the surge bin are then fed to the
stage. secondary sampling system (see Sections8–10).
5.2.4.2 The horizontal linear speed of cutter heads shall not 5.3.9 Let the material not diverted by the cutter fall freely
exceed 15cm (6 in.)/s. into a second bin from which the drums may be refilled if so
5.2.4.3 The width of the cutter head shall be no less than desired.
30mm (1.25in.), that is, a minimum of five times the
6. Primary Sampling, Falling Stream—1 % In Two
allowable particle size.
Stages
5.2.4.4 It is recommended that the cutter heads be con-
structed of stainless steel to improve their durability and 6.1 Scope—The falling-stream procedure provides for re-
reliability. moving a large number of increments of the material as it falls
5.2.4.5 Thetopedgesofthecutterheadsshallbebeveledto freely at a uniform, controlled rate.All of the material in a lot
form knife edges. passes through the system and is subject to incremental
sampling.
5.3 Procedure for Obtaining the Primary Sample:
5.3.1 Clean and dry the tops of the drums if necessary, 6.2 Special Sampling Equipment Requirements:
transferthembymeansofarollerconveyortotheweighscale, 6.2.1 A schematic diagram of a typical falling-stream sam-
and record the gross weight to 60.2 kg (60.5 lb). pling facility is shown in Fig. 2. Subsequent procedures are
5.3.2 Afterthegrossweightsofthedrumsinalothavebeen described by reference to this equipment.
obtained,dumpthecontentsofeachdrumintoanelevatedbin. 6.2.2 Theflowofmaterialthroughthefalling-streamsystem
5.3.3 Equip the dumper with a vibrator and a dust collector shall be controlled by a rotary valve discharging to the hopper
designed and operated in accordance with 4.2.1. orpanofthefirststagevibratingfeeder.Therateofflowshould
FIG. 2 Schematic Diagram of Falling Stream
C1075 − 17 (2022)
−2 3 3
not exceed 4.5×10 ·m (1.6 ft )/min and also should be means of a tube that contains a rotating auger. Each drum of
controlled so that the cutter obtains from the falling stream at material passes through the system and is subject to individual
−2 3 3
least 10 cuts/2.8×10 ·m (1.0 ft ) of material. sampling.
6.2.3 The first stage vibrating feeder should be adjusted so
7.2 Special Equipment Requirements:
that the depth of the material in the trough (pan) does not
7.2.1 The auger sampler shall be designed and constructed
exceed 50 mm (2.0 in.), and that the entire vertical cross
so that approximately 0.5% weight of the ore concentrate is
section of the falling stream is totally intercepted by the cutter
withdrawn from each drum. Experience with a variety of
head.
uranium-ore concentrates show that a range from 0.3% to
6.2.4 The samplers should be designed and constructed as
0.7% can be expected. A schematic diagram of a typical
follows:
auger-sampling facility is shown in Fig. 3. Subsequent proce-
6.2.4.1 Approximately 10% of each falling stream shall be
dures are described by reference to this equipment.
diverted by each cutter.
7.2.2 Atumbler shall be provided that is capable of rotating
6.2.4.2 The horizontal linear speed of cutter heads shall not
the sample drum about its axis at approximately 25 r/min.
exceed 15 cm (6 in.)/s.
Beforethetumblingoperation,thesampledrumshallbeclosed
6.2.4.3 The width of the cutter head shall be no less than 30
with either of the following:
mm (1.25 in.), that is, a minimum of five times the allowable
particle size. 7.2.2.1 A conical top fitted with a flow-control valve if the
6.2.5 Itisrecommendedthatthecutterheadsbeconstructed reciprocating cutter procedure is to be used for secondary
of stainless steel to improve their durability and reliability. sampling, or
6.2.6 The top edges of the cutter heads shall be beveled to
7.2.2.2 Aplain lid fixed by a metal band and bolt closure if
form knife edges.
the Vezin procedure is to be used for secondary sampling.
6.3 Obtaining the Primary Sample Procedure: 7.2.3 Inordertoachievetheoperatinglimitsrequiredforthe
auger-sampling system the following design parameters are
6.3.1 Clean and dry the tops of the drums if necessary,
recommended:
transferthembymeansofarollerconveyortotheweighscale,
and record the gross weight to 60.2 kg (60.5 lb).
7.2.3.1 The auger shall be constructed of suitable material
6.3.2 Afterthegrossweightsofthedrumsinalothavebeen
(for example, tool or stainless steel) and shall have the
obtained,dumpthecontentsofeachdrumintoanelevatedbin.
following dimensions:
6.3.3 Equipthedumperwithavibratorandadustcollection (1)Auger Tube—The outside diameter shall be 50mm to
designed and operated in accordance with the conditions of
60 mm (1.968in. to 2.375 in.) and the inside diameter shall be
4.2.1.
43 mm (2.375 to 1.687 in.).
6.3.4 Afterthedrumisemptied,tareweightheemptydrum,
(2)Length of Auger Helix Within the Auger Tube, shall be
lid, drum ring, and bolt. approximately 1400 mm (55 in.).
6.3.5 Equip the bin into which the drums are dumped such
(3)Pitch of Helix, shall be approximately 25 mm (1 in.)
astofacilitatetheflowcontrolandthetransferofmaterialfrom apart.
the bin.The bin should have a conical bottom with a discharge (4)Inoperation,theendoftheaugershouldprotrude6mm
opening of a size that will provide the desired flow. to 25 mm (0.25in. to 1.0 in.) below the auger tube.
6.3.6 Set the rotary valve to deliver approximately 4.2 to
7.2.3.2 The auger shall be made to have a minimum
−2 3 3
4.5×10 ·m /min (1.5 to 1.6 ft /min). This rate should not
clearance allowing free rotation within the auger tube. The
vary during the course of sampling of the entire lot.
auger shall be capable of being rotated electrically and, when
6.3.7 Remove a portion of the falling stream and divert it to
operating, shall turn at approximately 240 r/min.
asecondvibratingelongatedfeederandcutterofsimilardesign
7.2.4 Theaugersamplingsystemmaybeusedasasingleor
with a reciprocating cutter.
double facility depending on design. In the latter case, two
6.3.8 Direct the material diverted by the second stage cutter
drumsaresampledsimultaneouslywiththetwoaugersfeeding
to a tared primary sample container, and close with
...
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