ASTM D8101/D8101M-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Penetration Resistance of Composite Materials to Impact by a Blunt Projectile
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Penetration Resistance of Composite Materials to Impact by a Blunt Projectile
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Advanced composite systems are used in a number of applications as shields to prevent penetration by projectiles. In general, the use of composites is more effective for blunt, rather than sharp, projectiles or in hybrid systems in which an additional shield can be used to blunt a sharp projectile. Knowledge of the penetration impact resistance of different material systems or the effects of environmental or in-service load exposure to the penetration resistance of given materials is useful for product development and material selection.
5.2 An impact test used to measure the penetration resistance of a material can serve the following purposes:
5.2.1 To quantify the effect of fiber architecture, stacking sequence, fiber and matrix material selection, and processing parameters on the penetration resistance of different composite materials;
5.2.2 To measure the effects of environmental or in-service load exposure on the penetration impact resistance of a given material system; and
5.2.3 As a tool for quality assurance requirements for materials designed for penetration resistance applications.
5.3 The penetration resistance values obtained with this test method are most commonly used in material specification and selection and research and development activities. The data are not intended for use in establishing design allowables, as the results are specific to the geometry and physical conditions tested and are not generally scalable to other configurations.
5.4 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence the penetration resistance of material systems. These include the following: fiber and matrix materials, fiber architecture, layup sequence, methods of material fabrication, environmental exposure parameters, specimen geometry and overall thickness, void content, specimen conditioning, testing environment and exposure time, specimen fixture and alignment, projectile mass and geometry, and projectile orientation at impact. Addit...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the resistance of flat composite panels in one specific clamping configuration to penetration by a blunt projectile in free flight. In this test method, the term “penetration” is defined as the case in which the projectile travels completely through the composite panel and fully exits the back side. The composite materials may be continuous fiber angle-ply, woven or braided fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, or chopped fiber-reinforced composites. The resistance to penetration is quantified by a statistical function that defines the probability of penetration for a given kinetic energy.
1.2 This test method is intended for composite test panels in which the thickness dimension is small compared with the test panel width and length (span to thickness greater than fifty).
1.3 This test method is intended for applications such as jet engine fan containment, open rotor engine blade containment, or other applications in which protection is needed for projectiles at velocities typically lower than seen in ballistic armor applications. The typical impact velocity that this test is intended for is in the range of 100 to 500 m/s [300 to 1500 ft/s], as opposed to higher velocities associated with armor penetration.
1.4 A flat composite panel is fixed between a circular-shaped clamping fixture and a large base fixture each with a large coaxial hole defining a region of the panel that is subjected to impact in the direction normal to the plane of the flat panel by a blunt projectile. Clamping pressure is provided by twenty-eight through bolts that pass through the front clamp, the test specimen and the back plate. The mass, geometry, desired impact kinetic energy, and impact orientation of the projectile with respect to the panel are specified before the test. Equipment and procedures are required for measuring the actual impact velocity and orientation during the test. The impact pene...
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Designation: D8101/D8101M − 17
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Penetration Resistance of Composite
1
Materials to Impact by a Blunt Projectile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8101/D8101M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope measuringtheactualimpactvelocityandorientationduringthe
test. The impact penetration resistance can be quantified by
1.1 This test method measures the resistance of flat com-
either the velocity or kinetic energy required for the projectile
posite panels in one specific clamping configuration to pen-
to penetrate the test panel fully.Anumber of tests are required
etration by a blunt projectile in free flight. In this test method,
to obtain a statistical probability of penetration for given
the term “penetration” is defined as the case in which the
impact conditions.
projectile travels completely through the composite panel and
fully exits the back side. The composite materials may be
1.5 This test method measures the penetration resistance for
continuous fiber angle-ply, woven or braided fiber-reinforced
a specific projectile and test configuration and can be used to
polymer matrix composites, or chopped fiber-reinforced com-
screen materials for impact penetration resistance, compare the
posites. The resistance to penetration is quantified by a
impact penetration resistance of different composite materials
statistical function that defines the probability of penetration
under the same test geometry conditions, or assess the effects
for a given kinetic energy.
of in-service or environmental exposure on the impact penetra-
tion resistance of materials.
1.2 This test method is intended for composite test panels in
which the thickness dimension is small compared with the test
1.6 The impact penetration resistance is highly dependent
panel width and length (span to thickness greater than fifty).
onthetestpanelmaterialsandarchitecture,projectilegeometry
and mass, and panel boundary conditions. Results are not
1.3 This test method is intended for applications such as jet
generally scalable to other configurations but, for the same test
engine fan containment, open rotor engine blade containment,
configurations, may be used to assess the relative impact
or other applications in which protection is needed for projec-
penetration resistance of different materials and fiber architec-
tiles at velocities typically lower than seen in ballistic armor
tures.
applications. The typical impact velocity that this test is
intendedforisintherangeof100to500m/s[300to1500ft/s],
1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
as opposed to higher velocities associated with armor penetra-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
tion.
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
1.4 A flat composite panel is fixed between a circular- therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
shaped clamping fixture and a large base fixture each with a Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
large coaxial hole defining a region of the panel that is formance with the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound
subjected to impact in the direction normal to the plane of the units are shown in brackets.
flat panel by a blunt projectile. Clamping pressure is provided
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
by twenty-eight through bolts that pass through the front
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
clamp, the test specimen and the back plate. The mass,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
geometry, desired impact kinetic energy, and impact orienta-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion of the projectile with respect to the panel are specified
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
before the test. Equipment and procedures are required for
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Structural Test Methods.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. DOI: 10.1520/
D8101_D8101M-17. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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