ASTM D8101/D8101M-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Penetration Resistance of Composite Materials to Impact by a Blunt Projectile
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Penetration Resistance of Composite Materials to Impact by a Blunt Projectile
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Advanced composite systems are used in a number of applications as shields to prevent penetration by projectiles. In general, the use of composites is more effective for blunt, rather than sharp, projectiles or in hybrid systems in which an additional shield can be used to blunt a sharp projectile. Knowledge of the penetration impact resistance of different material systems or the effects of environmental or in-service load exposure to the penetration resistance of given materials is useful for product development and material selection.
5.2 An impact test used to measure the penetration resistance of a material can serve the following purposes:
5.2.1 To quantify the effect of fiber architecture, stacking sequence, fiber and matrix material selection, and processing parameters on the penetration resistance of different composite materials;
5.2.2 To measure the effects of environmental or in-service load exposure on the penetration impact resistance of a given material system; and
5.2.3 As a tool for quality assurance requirements for materials designed for penetration resistance applications.
5.3 The penetration resistance values obtained with this test method are most commonly used in material specification and selection and research and development activities. The data are not intended for use in establishing design allowables, as the results are specific to the geometry and physical conditions tested and are not generally scalable to other configurations.
5.4 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence the penetration resistance of material systems. These include the following: fiber and matrix materials, fiber architecture, layup sequence, methods of material fabrication, environmental exposure parameters, specimen geometry and overall thickness, void content, specimen conditioning, testing environment and exposure time, specimen fixture and alignment, projectile mass and geometry, and projectile orientation at impact. Addit...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the resistance of flat composite panels in one specific clamping configuration to penetration by a blunt projectile in free flight. In this test method, the term “penetration” is defined as the case in which the projectile travels completely through the composite panel and fully exits the back side. The composite materials may be continuous fiber angle-ply, woven or braided fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, or chopped fiber-reinforced composites. The resistance to penetration is quantified by a statistical function that defines the probability of penetration for a given kinetic energy.
1.2 This test method is intended for composite test panels in which the thickness dimension is small compared with the test panel width and length (span to thickness on the order of 40 or greater).
1.3 This test method is intended for applications such as jet engine fan containment, open rotor engine blade containment, or other applications in which protection is needed for projectiles at velocities typically lower than seen in ballistic armor applications. The typical impact velocity that this test is intended for is in the range of 100 to 500 m/s [300 to 1500 ft/s], as opposed to higher velocities associated with armor penetration.
1.4 A flat composite panel is fixed between a circular-shaped clamping fixture and a large base fixture each with a large coaxial hole defining a region of the panel that is subjected to impact in the direction normal to the plane of the flat panel by a blunt projectile. Clamping pressure is provided by 28 through bolts that pass through the front clamp, the test specimen, and the back plate. The mass, geometry, desired impact kinetic energy, and impact orientation of the projectile with respect to the panel are specified before the test. Equipment and procedures are required for measuring the actual impact velocity and orientation during the test. The impact pe...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8101/D8101M − 18
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Penetration Resistance of Composite
1
Materials to Impact by a Blunt Projectile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8101/D8101M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ment and procedures are required for measuring the actual
impact velocity and orientation during the test. The impact
1.1 This test method measures the resistance of flat com-
penetration resistance can be quantified by either the velocity
posite panels in one specific clamping configuration to pen-
or kinetic energy required for the projectile to penetrate the test
etration by a blunt projectile in free flight. In this test method,
panel fully.Anumber of tests are required to obtain a statistical
the term “penetration” is defined as the case in which the
probability of penetration for given impact conditions.
projectile travels completely through the composite panel and
fully exits the back side. The composite materials may be
1.5 This test method measures the penetration resistance for
continuous fiber angle-ply, woven or braided fiber-reinforced
a specific projectile and test configuration and can be used to
polymer matrix composites, or chopped fiber-reinforced com-
screen materials for impact penetration resistance, compare the
posites. The resistance to penetration is quantified by a
impact penetration resistance of different composite materials
statistical function that defines the probability of penetration
under the same test geometry conditions, or assess the effects
for a given kinetic energy.
of in-service or environmental exposure on the impact penetra-
1.2 This test method is intended for composite test panels in tion resistance of materials.
which the thickness dimension is small compared with the test
1.6 The impact penetration resistance is highly dependent
panel width and length (span to thickness on the order of 40 or
onthetestpanelmaterialsandarchitecture,projectilegeometry
greater).
and mass, and panel boundary conditions. Results are not
1.3 This test method is intended for applications such as jet
generally scalable to other configurations but, for the same test
engine fan containment, open rotor engine blade containment,
configurations, may be used to assess the relative impact
or other applications in which protection is needed for projec-
penetration resistance of different materials and fiber architec-
tiles at velocities typically lower than seen in ballistic armor
tures.
applications. The typical impact velocity that this test is
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
intendedforisintherangeof100to500m/s[300to1500ft/s],
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
as opposed to higher velocities associated with armor penetra-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
tion.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
1.4 A flat composite panel is fixed between a circular-
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
shaped clamping fixture and a large base fixture each with a
with the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are
large coaxial hole defining a region of the panel that is
shown in brackets.
subjected to impact in the direction normal to the plane of the
flat panel by a blunt projectile. Clamping pressure is provided 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
by 28 through bolts that pass through the front clamp, the test safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimen, and the back plate. The mass, geometry, desired responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
impact kinetic energy, and impact orientation of the projectile priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with respect to the panel are specified before the test. Equip- mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
1
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Structural Test Methods.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2018. Published February 2019. Originally
mendations issued by the World Tr
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8101/D8101M − 17 D8101/D8101M − 18
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Penetration Resistance of Composite
1
Materials to Impact by a Blunt Projectile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8101/D8101M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method measures the resistance of flat composite panels in one specific clamping configuration to penetration by
a blunt projectile in free flight. In this test method, the term “penetration” is defined as the case in which the projectile travels
completely through the composite panel and fully exits the back side. The composite materials may be continuous fiber angle-ply,
woven or braided fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, or chopped fiber-reinforced composites. The resistance to
penetration is quantified by a statistical function that defines the probability of penetration for a given kinetic energy.
1.2 This test method is intended for composite test panels in which the thickness dimension is small compared with the test
panel width and length (span to thickness greater than fifty). on the order of 40 or greater).
1.3 This test method is intended for applications such as jet engine fan containment, open rotor engine blade containment, or
other applications in which protection is needed for projectiles at velocities typically lower than seen in ballistic armor applications.
The typical impact velocity that this test is intended for is in the range of 100 to 500 m/s [300 to 1500 ft/s], as opposed to higher
velocities associated with armor penetration.
1.4 A flat composite panel is fixed between a circular-shaped clamping fixture and a large base fixture each with a large coaxial
hole defining a region of the panel that is subjected to impact in the direction normal to the plane of the flat panel by a blunt
projectile. Clamping pressure is provided by twenty-eight28 through bolts that pass through the front clamp, the test specimen, and
the back plate. The mass, geometry, desired impact kinetic energy, and impact orientation of the projectile with respect to the panel
are specified before the test. Equipment and procedures are required for measuring the actual impact velocity and orientation during
the test. The impact penetration resistance can be quantified by either the velocity or kinetic energy required for the projectile to
penetrate the test panel fully. A number of tests are required to obtain a statistical probability of penetration for given impact
conditions.
1.5 This test method measures the penetration resistance for a specific projectile and test configuration and can be used to screen
materials for impact penetration resistance, compare the impact penetration resistance of different composite materials under the
same test geometry conditions, or assess the effects of in-service or environmental exposure on the impact penetration resistance
of materials.
1.6 The impact penetration resistance is highly dependent on the test panel materials and architecture, projectile geometry and
mass, and panel boundary conditions. Results are not generally scalable to other configurations but, for the same test
configurations, may be used to assess the relative impact penetration resistance of different materials and fiber architectures.
1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
...
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