ASTM D3511/D3511M-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method, even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing.
If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method. Testing before refurbishing may be adviseable. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for any series of standards.
Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and depend on ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills from fuzz under test conditions intended to simulate normal wear using the brush pilling tester. This procedure is generally applicable to all types of apparel fabrics including both woven and knitted fabrics.
Note 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3512, D3514, and D4970.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D3511/D3511M–10
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3511/D3511M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale
Tester
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pro-
3
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
pensity of a fabric to form pills from fuzz under test conditions
ADJD3512 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random
intended to simulate normal wear using the brush pilling tester.
Tumble Pilling Test
This procedure is generally applicable to all types of apparel
fabrics including both woven and knitted fabrics.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles,
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test
refer to Test Methods D3512, D3514, and D4970.
Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.1 Thefollowingtermsarerelevanttothisstandard:fuzz,
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
pilling resistance, pills.
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
nology D123.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
4. Summary of Test Method
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the specification. 4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such as
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fuzzing, which occur in normal wear are simulated on labora-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the tory testing machines. Fabrics are subjected to simulated wear
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
conditions: first brushing the specimens to free fiber ends that
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- form fuzz on the surface of the fabric, then rubbing two of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specimens together in circular motion to roll the fiber ends into
pills.Thedegreeoffabricpillingisevaluatedbycomparingthe
2. Referenced Documents
tested specimens with visual standards, which may be actual
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fabrics or photographs of fabrics, showing a range of pilling
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported using
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
an arbitrary rating scale.
D3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
5. Significance and Use
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble
Pilling Tester
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for
D3514 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re- resistancetopillingisnotrecommendedforacceptancetesting.
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some
Methods
cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a
D4970 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re- commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the
best available method, even though the method has not been
recommended for acceptance testing.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
Specific.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3511 – 08. DOI:
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
10.1520/D3511-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D3511/D3511M–10
assistance.As a minimum, the test samples should be used th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3511–08 Designation:D3511/D3511M–10
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3511/D3511M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthepropensityofafabrictoformpillsfromfuzzundertestconditionsintended
to simulate normal wear using the brush pilling tester. This procedure is generally applicable to all types of apparel fabrics
including both woven and knitted fabrics.
NOTE 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3512, D3514, and D4970.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in parentheses.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling
Tester
D3514 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D4970 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester
3
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
ADJD3512 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random Tumble Pilling Test
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: fuzz, pilling resistance, pills.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such as fuzzing, which occur in normal wear are simulated on laboratory
testing machines. Fabrics are subjected to simulated wear conditions: first brushing the specimens to free fiber ends that form fuzz
on the surface of the fabric, then rubbing two of the specimens together in circular motion to roll the fiber ends into pills. The
degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparing the tested specimens with visual standards, which may be actual fabrics or
photographsoffabrics,showingarangeofpillingresistance.Theobservedresistancetopillingisreportedusinganarbitraryrating
scale.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on FabricTest Methods, Specific.
Current edition approved JulyJune 1, 2008.2010. Published July 2008.August 2010. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as
D3511–07a.D3511 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D3511-108.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3511/D3511M–10
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If
it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the
purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method,
even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing.
5.1.
...
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