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ASTM D596-91(1995)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water

Standard Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water

SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidelines for reporting inorganic and organic results of analyses of drinking water, waste water, process water, ground water, and surface water, and so forth, to laboratory clients in a complete and systematic fashion.
1.2 The reporting of bacterial and radiological data are not addressed in this guide.
1.3 The commonly used data qualifiers for reviewing and reporting information are listed and defined. Client and laboratory specific requirements may make use of other qualifiers. This guide does not preclude the use of other data qualifiers.
1.4 This guide discusses procedures for and specific problems in the reporting of low level data, potential errors (Type I and Type II), and reporting data that are below the calculated method detection limit and above the analyte.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2001
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.02 - Quality Systems, Specification, and Statistics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D596-01 - Standard Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
Effective Date
10-Jun-2001

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ASTM D596-91(1995) - Standard Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of WaterASTM D596-91(1995) - Standard Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
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ASTM D596-91(1995) - Standard Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
English language
6 pages
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 596 – 91 (Reapproved 1995)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 596; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Consult the DoD Index of Specifications and
Standards for the specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Values are Calculated from Other Test Methods
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for the reporting of
Determine Conformance With Specifications
results of water analyses, including drinking water, wastewater,
ES 16 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
process water, ground water, and surface water, to laboratory
lated to Waste Management Activities
clients in a complete and systematic fashion. Adequate docu-
mentation must be provided on the sample analyzed, the
3. Terminology
methods of analysis used, the results obtained, the precision
and bias of the measurements, and related quality assurance 3.1 Definitions—For definition of terms used in this prac-
information. tice, refer to Terminology D 1129 and Practice ES 16.
1.2 Results of chemical analysis of water shall be reported 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
as a weight/volume ratio, such as milligrams per litre (mg/L), 3.2.1 milliequivalent per litre (meq/L)—a weight-volume
milliequivalents per litre (meq/L), etc., when concentration is measurement obtained by multiplying the concentration ex-
being determined. pressed in moles per litre by the ionic charge or by the change
1.3 Results of other tests, such as pH, radioactivity, or in oxidation number of the substance in a defined reaction.
turbidity, shall be reported as specified in the individual test 3.2.2 milligrams per litre (mg/L)—a weight-volume mea-
methods. surement that expresses the concentration of a solute in
−3
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the milligrams (10 g) in a litre of solution.
standard. 3.2.3 micrograms per litre (μg/L)—a weight-volume mea-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the surement that expresses the concentration of a solute in
−6
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the micrograms (10 g) in a litre of solution.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.4 surrogates—compounds that are similar to analytes of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- interest in chemical composition and behavior, separation, and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. measurement, but that are not normally found in environmental
samples. These compounds are added to blanks, standards,
2. Referenced Documents
samples, or spiked samples prior to analysis to confirm the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
proper operation of the analytical system.
D 933 Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and
Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
4. Significance and Use
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
4.1 The proper use of analytical data requires adequate
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
documentation of the source and history of the sample,
Applicable Methods of Committee D-19 on Water
laboratory performing the analysis, method of analysis, date of
D 3856 Guide for Good Laboratory Practices in Laborato-
analysis, precision and bias of the measurements, and related
ries Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of Water
quality assurance information.
D 4210 Practice for Intralaboratory Quality Control Proce-
4.2 Tables are included for interconversion of data between
dures and a Discussion on Reporting Low-Level Data
units in common use.
D 4460 Practice for Calculating Precision Limits Where
4.3 Other information on reporting results may be included
in individual test methods for the analysis of water.
4.4 For corresponding information regarding the reporting
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on General Specifications, of results for water-formed deposits, see Practice D 933.
Technical Resources, and Statistical Methods.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 1991. Published February 1992. Originally
published as D 596 – 40. Last previous edition D 596 – 83.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
See 1991 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.04.
D 596
5. Sample Documentation and practices for determining significant figures, refer to
Practice E 29.
5.1 Information regarding the source and history of the
7.2 When a value is computed from two or more other test
sample to be included in the analytical report should define the
results, refer to Practice D 4460 for techniques of determining
sample and include the following, as appropriate:
precision limits of the calculated value.
5.1.1 Laboratory performing analysis,
5.1.2 Name and address of organization or person request-
8. Documentation of Quality
ing analysis,
8.1 Each sample analysis may have different quality needs
5.1.3 Specific location of sampling and complete identifica-
based on the use of the data. This information should be
tion of sample,
determined before sampling and analysis. Based on this infor-
5.1.4 Date and time of sampling,
mation, an analytical report may include the following infor-
5.1.5 Sample identification number, and
mation, as appropriate:
5.1.6 Sampling method, treatment, and preservation.
8.1.1 Recovery of any surrogate compounds with laboratory
5.2 In addition to the information in 5.1, the following
control limits,
information should be included as appropriate:
8.1.2 Results of corresponding check samples or blank
5.2.1 Identification of sampling organization and individual
spikes with laboratory control limits,
sampler,
8.1.3 Results of analysis of duplicate samples or duplicate
5.2.2 Pressure and temperature of system sampled,
matrix spiked samples and the percent difference with labora-
5.2.3 Flow rate of water in a stream,
tory control limits,
5.2.4 Copies of sampling logs with signatures,
8.1.4 Recoveries of any matrix spikes (and matrix spike
5.2.5 Chain of custody forms with signatures,
duplicates) with laboratory control limits,
5.2.6 Results of field measurements, and
8.1.5 Results of all blanks,
5.2.7 Description information (color, odor, etc.) clearly
8.1.6 Results of
...

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4.1 Most waters rarely contain more than trace concentrations of cobalt from natural sources. Although trace amounts of cobalt seem to be essential to the nutrition of some animals, large amounts have pronounced toxic effects on both plant and animal life.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable cobalt in water and wastewater 2 by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Three test methods are included as follows:    
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5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of element concentrations in many natural waters. It has the capability for the simultaneous determination of up to 15 separate elements. High analysis sensitivity can be achieved for some elements, such as boron and vanadium.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable elements in water, which includes drinking water, lake water, river water, sea water, snow, and Type II reagent water by direct current plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (DCP).  
1.2 The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listed in Annex A1 (Table A1.1) and covers the ranges in Table 1.  
1.4 This test method is not applicable to brines unless the sample matrix can be matched or the sample can be diluted by a factor of 200 up to 500 and still maintain the analyte concentration above the detection limit.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3645-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in Water

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4.1 These test methods are significant because the concentration of beryllium in water must be measured accurately in order to evaluate potential health and environmental effects.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable beryllium in most waters and wastewaters:    
Concentration
Range  
Sections  
Test Method A–Atomic Absorption, Direct  
10 μg/L to 500 μg/L  
7 to 17  
Test Method B–Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace  
10 μg/L to 50 μg/L  
18 to 26  
1.2 The analyst should direct attention to the precision and bias statements for each test method. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.  
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Standard Test Methods for Selenium in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In most natural waters selenium concentrations seldom exceed 10 μg/L. However, the runoff from certain types of seleniferous soils at various times of the year can produce concentrations as high as several hundred micrograms per litre. Additionally, industrial contamination can be a significant source of selenium in rivers and streams.  
4.2 High concentrations of selenium in drinking water have been suspected of being toxic to animal life. Selenium is a priority pollutant and all public water agencies are required to monitor its concentration.  
4.3 These test methods determine the dominant species of selenium reportedly found in most natural and wastewaters, including selenities, selenates, and organo-selenium compounds.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable selenium in most waters and wastewaters. Both test methods utilize atomic absorption procedures, as follows:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS2, 3  
7 – 16  
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS  
17 – 26  
1.2 These test methods are applicable to both inorganic and organic forms of dissolved selenium. They are applicable also to particulate forms of the element, provided that they are solubilized in the appropriate acid digestion step. However, certain selenium-containing heavy metallic sediments may not undergo digestion.  
1.3 These test methods are most applicable within the following ranges:    
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS2, 3  
1 μg/L to 20 μg/L  
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS  
2 μg/L to 100 μg/L
These ranges may be extended (with a corresponding loss in precision) by decreasing the sample size or diluting the original sample, but concentrations much greater than the upper limits are more conveniently determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 11.12 and 13.14.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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