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ASTM D5641-94(2001)e1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber

Standard Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures to perform nondestructive quality control testing described in Practice D4437 and D4545 for evaluating the continuity of all types of geomembrane seams using the bubble emission or vacuum chamber method.
1.2 The technique described in this practice is intended for use on geomembrane seams, patches, and defects.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Nov-1994
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5641-94e1 - Standard Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber
Effective Date
15-Nov-1994
Replaced By
ASTM D5641-94(2006) - Standard Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber
Effective Date
01-Jun-2006

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ASTM D5641-94(2001)e1 - Standard Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum ChamberASTM D5641-94(2001)e1 - Standard Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber
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ASTM D5641-94(2001)e1 - Standard Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D5641–94 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Practice for
Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5641; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made in July 2001.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers procedures to perform nondestruc- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tive quality control testing described in Practice D 4437 and 3.1.1 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geo-
D 4545 for evaluating the continuity of all types of geomem- synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. (See
brane seams using the bubble emission or vacuum chamber Terminology D 4439).
method. 3.1.2 seam, n—the connection of two or more pieces of
1.2 The technique described in this practice is intended for material by mechanical, chemical, or fusion methods to pro-
use on geomembrane seams, patches, and defects. vide the integrity of a single piece of the material.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.1.3 vacuum chamber, n—adevicethatallowsavacuumto
standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for be applied to a surface.
information only. 3.1.3.1 Discussion—In geomembranes, typical seams
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the wouldincludeadhesivebonded,bodiedchemicalfusionwelds;
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the chemical fusion welds; dielectric; dual hot wedge; fillet extru-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- sion; flat extrusion; hot air; single hot wedge; and ultrasonic.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- (See EPA/530/SW-91/051.)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—For definition of other terms used in this practice, refer to
Terminology D 4439.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4. Summary of Practice
D 4437 Practice for Determining the Integrity of Field
4.1 The basic principle of this practice consists of creating a
Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet
pressuredifferentialacrossaseamandobservingforbubblesin
Geomembranes
a film of foaming solution over the low pressure side, within
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
the vacuum chamber. The vacuum chamber has a viewing port
D 4545 Practice for Determining the Integrity of Factory
that allows observation of the seam area being tested. The
Seams Used in Joining Manufactured Flexible Sheet
foaming solution is applied to the surface to be tested and the
Geomembranes
vacuum chamber is placed over the test area. As the chamber
E 515 Test Method for Leaks Using Bubble Emission Tech-
is held firmly in place, vacuum is applied.Air leakage through
niques
flaws in the test area cause bubbles in the foaming solution that
2.2 E.P.A. Documents:
may be observed.
EPA/530/SW-91/051 InspectionTechniques for the Fabrica-
5. Significance and Use
tion of Geomembrane Field Seams
5.1 This practice is a nondestructive evaluation intended to
be used for quality control purposes during factory or field
1 seaming of geomembranes.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
5.2 This practice may also be used to evaluate geomem-
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 1994. Published January 1995.
brane panels for holes that penetrate the entire thickness of
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13.
material. Limitations on the test practice are that it may not be
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
suitable for uneven or curved surfaces, thick seams, seams in
Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402. corners, and thin extensible geomembranes.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
e1
D5641–94 (2001)
7. Procedure
7.1 Theareaoftheseamtobeevaluatedshouldbecleanand
free of soil or foreign objects that might prohibit a good seal
from being formed between the vacuum chamber and the
geomembrane.
7.2 Energize the vacuum pump.
7.3 Wet an area immediately adjacent to and including the
geomembrane seam or test area measuring approximately
twice the width and length of the vacuum chamber with a
foaming solution.
7.4 Place the vacuum chamber over the wet area of the
geomembrane such that the gasket is in complete contact with
the geomembrane surface, and the test area is centered under
the viewing port.
7.5 Apply a normal force to the top of the vacuum chamber
to effect a seal and open the vacuum valve.
7.6 Ensure that a leak tight seal is created between the
FIG. 1 Vacuum Chamber
vacuum chamber gasket and the geomembrane material. For
most cases, a minimum vacuum of 28 to 55 kPa (4 to 8 psi) as
registered on the vacuum gage should be appropri
...

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the out-of-plane response of a geomembrane to a force that is applied perpendicular to the initial plane of the sample.  
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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
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4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
1.2 The types of thermal field and factory seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top and bottom geomembrane to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
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1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
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1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM
ASTM D5101-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.  
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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