ASTM D5101-23

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.  
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2023
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.03 - Permeability and Filtration

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5101-12(2017) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D2434-22 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Coarse-Grained Soils
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D7664-10(2018)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D5819-22 - Standard Guide for Selecting Test Methods for Experimental Evaluation of Geosynthetic Durability
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D6917-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D5567-94(2018) - Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio (HCR) Testing of Soil/Geotextile Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D4439-23b - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D1987-22 - Standard Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile, Drainage Geocomposites, or Soil/Geotextile Filters
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5101 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile
1
Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5101; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions. D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (With-
3
drawn 2016)
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:
Fluids
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.
Plasticity Index of Soils
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic
Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the
D5567 Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio
involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate
(HCR) Testing of Soil/Geotextile Systems
method prior to conducting the test. This task may require
comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to
3. Terminology
the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT)
3.1 Definitions:
test apparatus being used.
3.1.1 clogging, n—in geotextiles, the tendency for a given
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
geotextile to lose permeability due to soil particles that have
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
either become embedded in the fabric openings or have built up
on the geotextile surface to form a layer with lower permeabil-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the ity than that of the bulk soil specimen.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 gradient ratio, n—in geotextiles, ratio of the hydraulic
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
gradient across a soil-geotextile interface to the hydraulic
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
gradient through the soil alone.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 hydraulic gradient, i, s (D)—the loss of hydraulic head
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
per unit distance of flow, dH/dL.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.4 piping, n—the tendency of the geotextile to let a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
quantity of soil pass through its plane that may potentially lead
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
to stability concerns in the soil or internal clogging of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
geotextile.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme- contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
ability and Filtration. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5101 – 12 (2017). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D5101-23. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5101 − 23
3.1.5 For definitions of other textile terms, refer to Termi-
nology D123. For definitions of other terms related to
geotextiles, refer to Terminology D4439 and Terminology
D653.
3.2 Acronyms:
3.2.1 CHD—the acronym for constant head device
3.2.2 GRT—the acronym for gradient ratio test
3.2.3 HCR—the acronym for hydraulic conductivity ratio
4. S
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5101 − 12 (Reapproved 2017) D5101 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile
1
Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5101; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of
water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity
Ratio) instead of this test method.
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior
to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits
of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (Withdrawn 2016)
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability and
Filtration.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2017Nov. 1, 2023. Published February 2017November 2023. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20122017
as D5101 – 12.D5101 – 12 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D5101-12R17.10.1520/D5101-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5101 − 23
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
D737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
3
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer (Withdrawn 2023)
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedures)
D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity
D4647 Test Methods for Identification and Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils by the Pinhole Test
D4751 Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile
D5084 Test Methods for Mea
...