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ASTM D5884/D5884M-23

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.  
5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2023
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5884/D5884M-04A(2015)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D6434-12(2018) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D7613-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Flexible Polypropylene Reinforced (fPP-R) and Nonreinforced (fPP) Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D2643/D2643M-21 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM D6455-11(2018) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGMs)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023

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ASTM D5884/D5884M-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced GeomembranesASTM D5884/D5884M-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5884/D5884M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced
1
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5884/D5884M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
tained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for deter-
temperature of 21 6 2 °C [70 6 4 °F]. D4439
mining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally
reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method. 3.1.2 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geosyn-
thetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. D4439
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.3 reinforced geomembrane—a geomembrane internally
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
reinforced with a textile.
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.1.4 tearing strength, (F, (F), kN), n—the force required
used independently of the other, and values from the two
either (1) to start or (2) to continue or propagate a tear in a
systems shall not be combined.
fabric under specified conditions. D4439, D4533/D4533M
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The tensile tear strength of a membrane in both machine
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
and cross-machine directions is determined by measuring the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
maximum load when cut specimens of specific dimensions are
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
tested to failure by tearing at a fixed testing displacement rate.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Significance and Use
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the
2. Referenced Documents results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as
2 a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
to service value. This test method measures the force required
Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the
D4533/D4533M Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing
specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforce-
Strength of Geotextiles
ment used within a geomembrane.
3. Terminology
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the
relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.
5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
in reported test results when using this test method for
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-
branes.
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5884/D5884M – 04a
ɛ1 there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
(2015) . DOI: 10.1520/D5884_D5884M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6. Apparatus
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.1 The machine shall consist of three main parts:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D5884/D5884M − 04a (Reapproved 2015) D5884/D5884M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced
1
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5884/D5884M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Designation was changed to dual and units information was corrected editorially in June 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced
with a textile, using the tongue tear method.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4533/D4533M Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air maintained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21
6 2°C2 °C [70 6 4°F].4 °F]. D4439
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geosynthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. D4439
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2023. Published June 2015December 2023. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
ɛ1
D5884/D5884M – 04a (2015) D5884–04a(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D5884_D5884M-04AR15E01. DOI: 10.1520/D5884_D5884M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5884/D5884M − 23
3.1.3 reinforced geomembrane—a geomembrane internally reinforced with a textile.
3.1.4 tearing strength, (F, (F), kN), n—the force required either (1)(1) to start or (2)(2) to continue or propagate a tear in a fabric
under specified conditions. D4439, D4533/D4533M
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The tensile tear strength of a membrane in both machine and cross-machine directions is determined by measuring the
maximum load when cut specimens of specific dimensions are tested to failure, by tearing,failure by tearing at a fixed testing
displacement rate.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by
stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure
of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This
test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear
propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the relative tear resi
...

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5.1 The determination of the tensile force-elongation values of geogrids provides index property values. This test method shall be used for quality control and acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geogrids.  
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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
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5.1 The increased use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid or gas movement, and the common use of dual-track seams in joining these sheets, has created a need for a standard nondestructive test by which the quality of the seams can be assessed for continuity and watertightness. The test is not intended to provide any indication of the physical strength of the seam.  
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5.6 The apparatus used in this test method is commonly used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of soil specimens. However, flux values measured in this test are typically much lower than those commonly measured for most natural soils. It is essential that the leakage rate of the apparatus used in this test be less than 10 % of the flux.
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1.1 This practice provides a summary of equipment and procedures for ultrasonic testing of geomembranes using the pulse echo method.  
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1.3 Measurements of one or more ultrasonic wave transmission characteristics are made based on the requirements of the specific testing program.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM
ASTM D5101-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.  
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4886-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Geotextiles (Sandpaper/Sliding Block Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles, but caution is advised since information on the precision of the test is lacking. Comparative testing as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. At a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance of abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant, variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimens.  
5.3 The resistance of geotextile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” and “durability” are frequently related, the relationship varies with different end uses and different factors may be necessary in any calculation of predicted durability from specific abrasion data. Laboratory tests may b...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resistance of geotextiles to abrasion using an abrasion tester. This test method at this point has only been evaluated for geotextiles—not geomembranes, grids, etc. Therefore, the test method is designated for geotextiles, not geosynthetics, as all products may not lend themselves to this test method for abrasion. If later developments indicate a wider scope for this test method, appropriate changes will be made.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in inch-pound units are provided as information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5322-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a standard immersion procedure for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical in a laboratory environment. The conditions specified in this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standardization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic material(s) in a laboratory environment. Practice D5496 can be used should the user need to assess the performance of a geosynthetic in field conditions.  
4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such behavior, referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of testing and evaluation criteria selected by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.  
1.2 This standard is not applicable to some geosynthetics such as geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), because of their composite nature requiring a confining pressure during immersion. However, individual geosynthetic components of the GCL can be tested.  
1.3 This standard was originally developed to supplement and expand EPA 9090 to include all geosynthetics. EPA 9090 has not been updated since 1992.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6389-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a test procedure for determining the resistance of a geotextile with a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical. This practice should be used in the absence of other specifications required for the particular situation being addressed.  
5.2 The specification of test procedures in this practice is intended to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geotextile to a potentially harsh chemical environment.  
5.3 This practice is for the chemical resistance assessment of geotextiles and is written in parallel to similar standard practices for geomembranes, geogrids, geonets, and geopipes. Each standard is to be considered individually for the geosynthetic under investigation and collectively for all geosynthetics exposed to the potentially harsh chemical environment under consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures used for testing geotextiles for chemical resistance to liquids. Reinforcement geotextiles can also be tested per Practice D6213.  
1.2 This practice describes test methods for measuring changes in planar dimensions, tensile properties, and other optional physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties caused by immersion in test liquids which may be representative of anticipated end-use conditions. This practice may be used to assess the extent to which a product's as-manufactured properties are affected by such immersion.  
1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with either Practice D5322 or D5496. The scope of this practice is limited to testing and reporting procedures for unexposed and exposed geotextile samples.  
1.4 Evaluation or interpretation of test data is beyond the scope of this practice.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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