ASTM C1366-04(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, reliability assessment, and design data generation.
High strength, monolithic advanced ceramic materials are generally characterized by small grain sizes ( 50 μm) and bulk densities near the theoretical density. These materials are candidates for load-bearing structural applications requiring high degrees of wear and corrosion resistance and elevated-temperature strength. Although flexural test methods are commonly used to evaluate strength of advanced ceramics, the non uniform stress distribution of the flexure specimen limits the volume of material subjected to the maximum applied stress at fracture. Uniaxially-loaded tensile strength tests provide information on strength-limiting flaws from a greater volume of uniformly stressed material.
Because of the probabilistic strength distributions of brittle materials such as advanced ceramics, a sufficient number of test specimens at each testing condition is required for statistical analysis and eventual design with guidelines for sufficient numbers provided in this test method. Size-scaling effects as discussed in practice C 1239 will affect the strength values. Therefore, strengths obtained using different recommended tensile test specimen geometries with different volumes or surface areas of material in the gage sections will be different due to these size differences. Resulting strength values can, in principle, be scaled to an effective volume or effective surface area of unity as discussed in Practice C 1239.
Tensile tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under uniaxial stresses. Uniform stress states are required to effectively evaluate any non-linear stress-strain behavior which may develop as the result of testing mode, testing rate, processing or alloying effects, environmental influences, or elevated temperatures. These effects may be consequences of stress co...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile strength under uniaxial loading of monolithic advanced ceramics at elevated temperatures. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in the appendix. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (force, displacement, or strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Tensile strength as used in this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under uniaxial loading.
1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramics which macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior. While this test method applies primarily to monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker, or particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as certain discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macroscopic behavior assumptions. Generally, continuous fiber ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior and application of this test method to these materials is not recommended.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and are in accordance with Practice E 380.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to Section 7 for specific precautions.
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Designation: C1366 − 04(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at
1
Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile 2.1 ASTM Standards:
strength under uniaxial loading of monolithic advanced ceram- C1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
ics at elevated temperatures. This test method addresses, but is C1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
listed in the appendix. In addition, test specimen fabrication C1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and
methods,testingmodes(force,displacement,orstraincontrol), Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters forAdvanced
testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain Ceramics
rate), allowable bending, and data collection and reporting C1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization of
procedures are addressed. Tensile strength as used in this test Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
method refers to the tensile strength obtained under uniaxial D3379 Test Method forTensile Strength andYoung’s Modu-
loading. lus for High-Modulus Single-Filament Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramics
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
which macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, con-
E21 TestMethodsforElevatedTemperatureTensionTestsof
tinuous behavior. While this test method applies primarily to
Metallic Materials
monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker, or particle-
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
reinforced composite ceramics as well as certain discontinuous
someter Systems
fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
macroscopicbehaviorassumptions.Generally,continuousfiber
Comparison Techniques
ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not macroscopically exhibit
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior and application
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
of this test method to these materials is not recommended.
peratures)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
E380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units
3
standard and are in accordance with Practice E380.
(SI) (The Modernized Metric System)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Force Application
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to Section 7
System of Units (SI) (The Modern Metric System)
for specific precautions.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Mechanical Properties and Performance. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1366 – 04. DOI: Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
10.1520/C1366-04R09. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1366 − 04 (2009)
3. Terminology mation on strength-limiting flaws from a greater volume of
uniformly stressed material.
3.1 Definitions:
4.3 Because of the probabilistic strength distributions of
3.1.1 Definitions of terms relating to tensile testing and
advanced ceramics as they appear in Terminology E6 and brittle materials such as advanced ceramics, a sufficient num-
ber of test specimens at each testing condition is required for
Terminology C1145, respectively, apply to the terms used in
this test method. Per
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 1366–97 Designation: C 1366 – 04 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at
1
Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile strength under uniaxial loading of monolithic advanced ceramics at
elevated temperatures. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in
the appendix. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (load,(force, displacement, or strain control), testing
rates (load(force rate,stressrate,displacementrate,orstrainrate),allowablebending,anddatacollectionandreportingprocedures
are addressed. Tensile strength as used in this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under uniaxial loading.
1.2 Thistestmethodappliesprimarilytoadvancedceramicswhichmacroscopicallyexhibitisotropic,homogeneous,continuous
behavior. While this test method applies primarily to monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker, or particle-reinforced
composite ceramics as well as certain discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macroscopic
behavior assumptions. Generally, continuous fiber ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not macroscopically exhibit isotropic,
homogeneous, continuous behavior and application of this test method to these materials is not recommended.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and are in accordance with Practice E380.E 380.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Refer to Section 7 for specific precautions.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
C 1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
C 1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters forAdvanced Ceramics
C 1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
D 3379 Test Method for Tensile Strength and Young’s Modulus for High-Modulus Single-Filament Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E21 Practice Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E 220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples byBy Comparison Techniques
E 337 Test Method for MeasureMeasuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (The(the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb
Temperatures)
3
E 380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI) (The Modernized Metric System)
3
E 1012 Practice for Verification of Specimen Alignment Under Tensile Loading
2.2 Military Handbook:
MIL-HDBK-790Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Structural Ceramics Practice for
Verification of Test Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force Application
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI) (The Modern Metric System)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C–28 C28 onAdvanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Properties
and Performance.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1997. Published December 1997.on Mechanical Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 1366 – 04.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM Inte
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