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ASTM F1453-92(2008)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Training and Evaluation of First Responders Who Provide Emergency Medical Care

Standard Guide for Training and Evaluation of First Responders Who Provide Emergency Medical Care

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is for those responsible for the development and implementation of training and evaluation programs for first responders (FRs).
At the beginning of the program, students shall be informed of the course objectives and requirements for successful completion.
This guide is not intended for use as a training guide for emergency ambulance personnel.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the minimum training standards for First Responders (FRs) who may be responsible for the initial care of sick and injured persons of all ages in the prehospital environment.
1.2 The scope of training will be in accordance with Guide F 1287.
1.3 Included in this guide is a standard for knowledge and skill evaluation.
1.4 This guide does not suggest a particular training sequence.
Operating within the framework of this guide may expose emergency medical service personnel to hazardous materials, procedures and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see the documents cited in .

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2008
ICS
11.160 - First aid
Technical Committee
F30 - Emergency Medical Services
Drafting Committee
F30.02 - Personnel, Training and Education
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F1453-92(2008) - Standard Guide for Training and Evaluation of First Responders Who Provide Emergency Medical CareASTM F1453-92(2008) - Standard Guide for Training and Evaluation of First Responders Who Provide Emergency Medical Care
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ASTM F1453-92(2008) - Standard Guide for Training and Evaluation of First Responders Who Provide Emergency Medical Care
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1453–92(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Guide for
Training and Evaluation of First Responders Who Provide
Emergency Medical Care
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1453; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Part 1910.120 of Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regula-
tions Concerning Hazardous Materials Emergency Re-
1.1 This guide covers the minimum training standards for
sponse & Training
First Responders (FRs) who may be responsible for the initial
Part 1910.132 of Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regula-
care of sick and injured persons of all ages in the prehospital
tions Concerning Personal Protective Equipment
environment.
Part 331.000 of Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations
1.2 The scope of training will be in accordance with Guide
Concerning Registration of Medical Devices
F1287.
2.3 Other Documents:
1.3 Included in this guide is a standard for knowledge and
Most recent Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary
skill evaluation.
Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care as reprinted
1.4 This guide does not suggest a particular training se-
from the Journal of the American Medical Association
quence.
(JAMA)
1.5 Operating within the framework of this guide may
expose emergency medical service personnel to hazardous
3. Terminology
materials, procedures and equipment. This standard does not
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
3.1.1 basic life support/cardiopulmonary resuscitation
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
(BLS/CPR)—a set of skills that includes airway management,
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
chest compressions, and others as defined by the American
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
Heart Association (AHA).
use. For specific precautionary statements, see the documents
3.1.2 first responder (FR)—an individual trained to provide
cited in 2.2.
initial care for sick or injured persons in accordance with this
2. Referenced Documents guide.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Significance and Use
F1031 Practice for Training the Emergency Medical Tech-
4.1 This guide is for those responsible for the development
nician (Basic)
and implementation of training and evaluation programs for
F1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-
first responders (FRs).
vices
4.2 At the beginning of the program, students shall be
F1287 Guide for Scope of Performance of First Responders
informed of the course objectives and requirements for suc-
Who Provide Emergency Medical Care
3 cessful completion.
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:
4.3 This guide is not intended for use as a training guide for
Part 1910.1030 of Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regula-
emergency ambulance personnel.
tions Concerning Bloodborne Pathogens
5. Required Performance Objectives
5.1 The FR shall be trained to perform the following skills.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on Emergency
Medical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.02 on
Theseskillsarenotnecessarilylistedintheorderinwhichthey
Personnel, Training and Education.
aretobetaughtorthatinwhichtheymayhavetobeperformed
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally
during the prehospital care of a sick or injured person.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1453 – 92 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/F1453-92R08. 5.1.1 Roles and Responsibilities—Describe and demon-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
strate an understanding of the roles and responsibilities of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700 Available from American Heart Association (AHA), 7272 Greenville Ave.,
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. Dallas, TX 75231, http://www.americanheart.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1453–92 (2008)
FR for the provision of prehospital emergency care within the 5.1.11.3 Interview co-workers, witnesses, family members,
local emergency medical services (EMS) system. or other individuals to obtain facts relevant to the person’s
condition.
5.1.2 Medicolegal Aspects—Describe and demonstrate an
5.1.12 Musculoskeletal Injuries:
understanding of the medicolegal aspects of a FR’s provision
of emergency medical care in the jurisdiction having authority, 5.1.12.1 Identify the various types of musculoskeletal inju-
ries.
including, but not limited to, duty to act, standard of care,
consent to care, forcible restraint, abandonment, documenta- 5.1.12.2 Immobilize and otherwise care for suspected frac-
tion, and any applicable Good Samaritan Laws. tures, dislocations, sprains, and strains with available equip-
ment.
5.1.3 Vital Signs and other Indicators of a Sick or Injured
Person’s Condition—Determine and record vital signs exhib- 5.1.13 Spine Injuries:
ited by a sick or injured person, including pulse, respiration, 5.1.13.1 Determine the likelihood of a spinal injury on the
skin color, temperature and moistness, level of consciousness, basis of the patient assessment and an observation of a
and an estimate of blood pressure. mechanism of injury.
5.1.13.2 Perform manual spinal stabilization.
5.1.4 Emergency Medical Identification—Identify the most
5.1.13.3 Immobilize a person who has a suspected spinal
commonly used medical identification devices and apply the
information contained on or in the device to patient assessment injury with available equipment.
5.1.14 Emergency Evacuation—Aloneorwithapartner,use
and patient care procedures.
the most appropriate assist, drag, or carry to move a sick or
5.1.5 Primary Assessment—Conduct an assessment for
injured person from a dangerous location to a safe place.
problems that are a threat to life if not corrected immediately,
5.1.15 Patient Transfer—Use an available patient-carrying
including an inadequate airway, inadequate respirations, inad-
equate circulation, and profuse bleeding, using spinal precau- method or device to move a sick or injured person from the
place of initial care to the location of transport.
tions as appropriate.
5.1.16 Non-Traumatic Chest Pain:
5.1.6 BLS/CPR—Conduct basic life support procedures,
5.1.16.1 Identify a patient who is experiencing non-
includingtheestablishmentandmaintenanceofanopenairway
traumatic chest pain on the basis of the patient assessment.
and the restoration of breathing and circulation by means of
5.1.16.2 Care for a patient who is experiencing non-
cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
traumatic chest pain.
5.1.7 Bleeding:
5.1.17 Respiratory Distress:
5.1.7.1 Control external bleeding by means of direct pres-
5.1.17.1 Identify a patient who is experiencing respiratory
sure and elevation.
distress on the basis of the patient assessment.
5.1.7.2 Identify the likelihood of internal bleedi
...

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4.1 Since the quality of EMT training depends, in large measure, on the instructional abilities and competencies of the EMT instructor, it is imperative that the individual selected and used in this capacity possess the qualifications and capabilities necessary to provide effective instruction.  
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4.1 Implementation of this practice will ensure that the EMS system has the authority commensurate with the responsibility to ensure adequate medical direction of all pre-hospital providers, as well as personnel and facilities that meet minimum criteria to implement medical direction of pre-hospital services.  
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Standard Guide for Training and Evaluation of Individuals Who Are Responsible for or Perform Triage in a Prehospital Environment

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4.1 This guide is intended for use by those responsible for the development and implementation of training programs, that include competency evaluation, for triage in the prehospital environment.  
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4.5 At the beginning of the program, students shall be informed of the course objectives and requirements for successful completion.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the training and evaluation of individuals who perform triage at an emergency medical incident involving multiple casualties in a prehospital environment.  
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Standard Guide for Establishing and Operating a Public Information, Education, and Relations Program for Emergency Medical Service Systems

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is not intended to be used by itself, but as a component of Guide F1288. Merely conforming to the guidelines described herein will not ensure that adequate triage is carried out in a multiple casualty incident.  
4.2 The purpose of this guide is to establish a methodology for performing triage.  
4.3 Individuals responsible for performing triage must be proficient in triage methods and related life-saving techniques.  
4.4 A basic concept of triage is to do the greatest good for the greatest number of casualties.  
4.5 The assessment process must be focused so as to identify those most at risk of early death who are likely to be salvaged by rapid medical intervention.  
4.6 Triage allows the most efficient use of available resources.  
4.7 This guide acknowledges many types of individuals with varying levels of emergency medical training. It also establishes a minimum scope of performance and encourages the addition of optional knowledge, skills, and attitudinal objectives.  
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4.9 This guide is intended to assist those who are responsible for defining the scope of performance of individuals who perform triage.  
4.10 For the purpose of this guide the word “injured” includes both sick or injured patients, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the scope of performance for individuals who perform triage at an emergency medical incident involving multiple casualties in a pre-hospital environment.  
1.2 This guide acknowledges objectives based on an individual's required knowledge of signs and symptoms, patient assessment, and basic life support.  
1.3 Operating within the framework of this guide may expose personnel to hazardous materials, procedures, and equipment. For additional information see Practice F1031 and Guides F1219, F1253, F1285, F1287, F1288, F1489 and F1651.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Footnote 2.2  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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