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ASTM D3107-07(2015)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns

Standard Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 these test methods are used to determine the stretch, growth and recovery properties that garments made with the fabric tested may be expected to exhibit during use.  
5.2 these test methods is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the between-laboratory precision is known to be poor.  
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. Use test samples that are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.3 Some stretch fabrics are constructed with stretch yarns in only the filling direction. Consequently, for those fabrics, only the filling direction needs to be tested.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery of fabrics woven in whole or in part from stretch yarns after a specified tension and extension.  
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with woven fabrics exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12 percent) and good recovery properties from low tension (up to 360 g/cm or 2 lb/in. of fabric width). When agreed upon, these test methods can be used for fabrics woven in whole or in part from non-stretch yarns that exhibit limits within the stretch characteristics shown above.  
1.3 These test methods allow the use of two tension options commonly used in the textile industry; 1.35 kg (3 lb) and 1.8 kg (4 lb). Several calculations are included for fabric stretch, fabric growth and fabric recovery, and can be used individually when required by individual specifications.  
1.4 These test methods should not be used to measure breaking elongation of woven fabrics which is covered in Test Method D5035.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2015
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.59 - Fabric Physical Test Methods A
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3107-07(2011) - Standard Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Replaced By
ASTM D3107-07(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM D2594/D2594M-21 - Standard Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Referred By
ASTM D7507-23 - Standard Specification for Woven High Stretch Fabrics Used in Apparel
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3107 − 07 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
amount of fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery of
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
fabrics woven in whole or in part from stretch yarns after a
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
specified tension and extension.
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
3
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with woven
drawn 2008)
fabrics exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12 percent) and D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
3
good recovery properties from low tension (up to 360 g/cm or Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
2 lb/in. of fabric width).When agreed upon, these test methods
Related Properties of Textiles
can be used for fabrics woven in whole or in part from
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
non-stretch yarns that exhibit limits within the stretch charac-
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
teristics shown above.
Methods
1.3 These test methods allow the use of two tension options
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
commonly used in the textile industry; 1.35 kg (3 lb) and 1.8
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
kg (4 lb). Several calculations are included for fabric stretch,
3. Terminology
fabricgrowthandfabricrecovery,andcanbeusedindividually
when required by individual specifications.
3.1 For all terminology related to Fabric, refer to Terminol-
ogy D4850.
1.4 These test methods should not be used to measure
3.2 For all terminology related to Yarns and Fiber, refer to
breaking elongation of woven fabrics which is covered in Test
Terminology D4849.
Method D5035.
3.3 For all terminology related to Force, Deformation and
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Related Properties of Textiles, refer to Terminology D4848
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
3.3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values
benchmarks,fabricstretch,fabricgrowth,stretchyarn,tension
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.4 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Terminology D123.
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the specification.
4. Summary of Test Methods
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Fabric Stretch under a Specified Tension—Bench marks
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ofaknowndistancearemadeonafabricspecimen.Aspecified
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tension is applied to a fabric specimen by a prescribed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
technique and the resulting distance between bench marks
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
whilethespecimenisunderthetensionismeasured.Thefabric
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Methods, General. Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published September the ASTM website.
3
2015. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D3107–07(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D3107-07R15. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3107 − 07 (2015)
stretch is calculated from the length difference between bench 6.1.2 Separate Clamp, or other means of attaching a weight
marks prior to application of the tension and while under the with a known mass to the bottom of the test specimen.
1
tension. 6.1.3 Dowel Pin,orequivalent,approxim
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3107 − 07 (Reapproved 2011) D3107 − 07 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery of fabrics
woven in whole or in part from stretch yarns after a specified tension and extension.
1.2 These test methods are intended for use with woven fabrics exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12 percent) and good
recovery properties from low tension (up to 360 g/cm or 2 lb/in. of fabric width). When agreed upon, these test methods can be
used for fabrics woven in whole or in part from non-stretch yarns that exhibit limits within the stretch characteristics shown above.
1.3 These test methods allow the use of two tension options commonly used in the textile industry; 1.35 kg (3 lb) and 1.8 kg
(4 lb). Several calculations are included for fabric stretch, fabric growth and fabric recovery, and can be used individually when
required by individual specifications.
1.4 These test methods should not be used to measure breaking elongation of woven fabrics which is covered in Test Method
D5035.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
3
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (Withdrawn 2008)
3
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to Fabric, refer to Terminology D4850.
3.2 For all terminology related to Yarns and Fiber, refer to Terminology D4849.
3.3 For all terminology related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles, refer to Terminology D4848
3.3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: bench marks, fabric stretch, fabric growth, stretch yarn, tension
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and isare the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General. Current edition approved May 1, 2011July 1, 2015. Published June 2011.September 2015. Originally approved in 1975 as 1975. D3107–75. Discontinued September
ε1
1999 and reinstated in 2003 as D3107–03. Last previous edition approved in 20072011 as D3107D3107–07(2011).–07 . DOI: 10.1520/D3107-07R11.10.1520/D3107-07R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3107 − 07 (2015)
3.4 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 Fabric Stretch under a Specified Tension—Bench marks of a known distance are made on a fabric speci
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method. Testing before refurbishing may be adviseable. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for any series of standards.  
5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and de...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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