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ASTM D6871-03(2008)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus (Withdrawn 2017)

Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus (Withdrawn 2017)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a high fire point natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equipment. The physical property requirement including color, fire point, flash point, pour point, relative density, and viscosity shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The electrical property requirements including dielectric breakdown voltage, dissipation factor, and gassing tendency shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The chemical requirements including corrosive sulphur, neutralization number, PCB content, and water shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a high fire point natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equipment.
1.2 Natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid differs from conventional mineral oil and other high fire point (or “less-flammable”) fluids in that it is an agricultural product derived from vegetable oils rather than refined from petroleum base stocks or synthesized from organic precursors.
1.3 This specification is intended to define a natural vegetable oil ester electrical insulating fluid that is compatible with typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in this application. The material described in this specification may not be miscible with some synthetic electrical insulating liquids. The user should contact the manufacturer of the natural ester insulating fluid for guidance in this respect.
1.4 This specification applies only to new insulating fluid as received prior to any processing. The user should contact the manufacturer of the equipment or fluid if questions of recommended characteristics or maintenance procedures arise.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers a high fire point natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equipment.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases, this specification was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2008
Withdrawal Date
08-Jan-2017
ICS
29.040.10 - Insulating oils
Technical Committee
D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
Drafting Committee
D27.02 - Gases and Non-Mineral Oil Liquids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6871-03 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Replaced By
ASTM D6871-17 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Nov-2017
Referred By
ASTM D117-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D1816-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008

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ASTM D6871-03(2008) - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus (Withdrawn 2017)ASTM D6871-03(2008) - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus (Withdrawn 2017)
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ASTM D6871-03(2008) - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus (Withdrawn 2017)
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6871 −03 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Specification for
Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6871; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Open Cup Tester
1.1 This specification covers a high fire point natural veg-
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
etable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and
D117 Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications
cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution
for Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equip-
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
ment.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.2 Natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid differs from
ity)
conventional mineral oil and other high fire point (or “less-
D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
flammable”) fluids in that it is an agricultural product derived
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
from vegetable oils rather than refined from petroleum base
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
stocks or synthesized from organic precursors.
D924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)
1.3 This specification is intended to define a natural veg-
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
etableoilesterelectricalinsulatingfluidthatiscompatiblewith
cal Insulating Liquids
typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and will
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in this
Indicator Titration
application. The material described in this specification may
D1275 Test Method for Corrosive Sulfur in Electrical Insu-
not be miscible with some synthetic electrical insulating
lating Oils
liquids.Theusershouldcontactthemanufacturerofthenatural
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
ester insulating fluid for guidance in this respect.
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
1.4 This specification applies only to new insulating fluid as
ucts by Hydrometer Method
received prior to any processing. The user should contact the
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
manufacturer of the equipment or fluid if questions of recom-
(ASTM Color Scale)
mended characteristics or maintenance procedures arise.
D1524 Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Elec-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the trical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin in the Field
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
D1903 Practice for Determining the Coefficient of Thermal
2. Referenced Documents
Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Origin, and Askarels
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
D2300 Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating
Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified
Pirelli Method)
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
D2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
mittee D27.02 on Gases and Non-Mineral Oil Liquids.
D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
D2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6871-03. DOI:
10.1520/D6871-03R08.
uids and Gases
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Con-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ditions
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6871−03 (2008)
TABLE 1 As-Received New Fluid Property Requirements
Property Limit ASTM Test Method
Physical:
Color, max 1.0 D1500
Fire point, min, °C 300 D92
Flash point, min, °C 275 D92
Pour point, max, °C −10 D97
Relative density (specific gravity) 15°C/15°C, max 0.96 D1298
Viscosity, max, cSt at: D445 or D88
100°C (212°F) 15
40°C (104°F) 50
0°C (32°F) 500
Visual Examination Bright and Clear D1524
Electrical:
Dielectric breakdown voltage at 60 Hz
Disk electrodes, min, kV 30 D877
VDE electrodes, min, kV at: D1816
1 mm (0.04 in.) gap 20
2 mm (0.08 in.) gap 35
Dielectric breakdown voltage, impulse conditions 130 D3300
25°C, min, kV, needle negative to sphere
grounded,
1 in. (25.4 mm) gap
Dissipation factor (or power factor) at 60 Hz, max, D924
%
25°C 0.20
100°C 4.0
Gassing tendency, max, µl/min 0 D2300
Chemical:
Corrosive sulfur not corrosive D1275
Neutralization number, total acid number, max, 0.06 D974
mg KOH/g
PCB content, ppm not detectable D4059
A
Water, max, mg/kg 200 D1533
A
As stated in Test Methods D1533 Annex A1 “Alternative Solvent Systems,” alternate reagents may be needed for certain natural ester formulations. Consult the
manufacturer for recommendations. Reagents for aldehydes and ketones (such as Coulomat AK and CG-K) should be used if the additives are unknown. When alternate
reagents are needed, using the Test Methods D1533 reagent
...

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ASTM D1275-24(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 In most of their uses, insulating liquids are continually in contact with metals that are subject to corrosion. The presence of elemental sulfur or corrosive sulfur compounds will result in deterioration of these metals and cause conductive or high resistive films to form. The extent of deterioration is dependent upon the quantity and type of corrosive agent and time and temperature factors. Detection of these undesirable impurities, even though not in terms of quantitative values, is a means for recognizing the hazard involved.  
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Standard Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids

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4.1 Accurate sampling, whether of the complete contents or only parts thereof, is extremely important from the standpoint of evaluating the quality of the liquid insulant sampled. Obviously, examination of a test specimen that, because of careless sampling procedure or contamination in sampling equipment, is not directly representative, leads to erroneous conclusions concerning quality and in addition results in a loss of time, effort, and expense in securing, transporting, and testing the sample.  
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1.4 These practices also include special techniques and devices for sampling for dissolved gases-in-oil (DGA) (D3612), water (D1533) and particles (D6786).  
1.5 For ease of use, this document has been indexed as follows:    
Section Title  
Section/Paragraph  
Mandatory Conditions and General Information  
Section 5  
Description of Sampling Devices and Containers  
Section 6, Annex A1, Appendix X2  
Most Frequently Used Sampling Techniques for Electrical Apparatus  
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Section 7, Appendix X1, Appendix X2  
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Section 8  
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Section 9  
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1.6 Mercury has been designated by the EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA's website for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law.  
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1.1 This specification covers rerefined previously used mineral insulating liquid of petroleum origin for reuse as an insulating and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers, regulators, reactors, liquid filled circuit breakers, switchgear, and attendant equipment.  
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ASTM D5222-23(Specification)
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This specification describes a high fire-point mineral oil based electrical insulating fluid, for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatuses, such as transformers and switchgear. The material discussed here is miscible with other petroleum based insulating oils, and may not be miscible with electrical insulating liquids of non-petroleum origin. The insulating oils shall be compatible with typical material of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in its application. This specification applies only to new insulating material oil as received prior to any processing. Sampled specimens shall undergo appropriate tests, and shall conform correspondingly to specified physical (appearance upon visual examination, color in ASTM units, fire point, flash point, aniline point, interfacial tension, pour point, relative density, and kinematic viscosity), electrical (dielectric breakdown voltage, gassing tendency, and dissipation factor), and chemical (corrosion behavior against sulfur, inorganic chlorides and sulfates content, acid number, water content, oxidation stability, oxidation inhibitor content, and PCB content) property requirements.
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1.1 This specification describes a less flammable mineral electrical insulating liquid, for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers and switchgear.  
1.2 Less flammable insulating liquid differs from conventional mineral insulating liquid by possessing a fire-point of at least 300 °C. This property is necessary in order to comply with certain application requirements of the National Electrical Code (Article 450-23) or other agencies. The material discussed in this specification is miscible with other petroleum based insulating liquids. Mixing less flammable liquids with lower fire point hydrocarbon insulating liquids (for example, Specification D3487 mineral liquid) may result in fire points of less than 300 °C.  
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1.1 This specification covers less-flammable (high fire point) synthetic ester insulating liquids for use as a dielectric and cooling in new and existing electrical power apparatus including power and distribution transformers, switchgear, and other associated equipment  
1.2 Synthetic ester insulating liquids differ from conventional mineral oil and other less-flammable (high fire point) liquids in that they are products derived from the chemical reaction, processing, and physical treatments of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.  
1.3 This specification is intended to define synthetic ester electrical insulating liquids that are compatible with typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and are expected to maintain their functional characteristics in these applications. The material described in this specification is not always miscible with other electrical insulating liquids. The user should contact the manufacturer of the synthetic ester insulating liquid for guidance in this respect.  
1.4 This specification applies only to unused synthetic ester insulating liquids as received prior to any processing. The user should contact the manufacturer of the equipment or liquid, or both, if questions of recommended characteristics or liquid maintenance procedures arise.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1524-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Electrical Insulating Liquids in the Field

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 By use of this test method and Test Methods D1500 or D2129 the color and condition of a test specimen of electrical insulating liquid may be estimated during a field inspection, thus assisting in the decision as to whether or not the sample should be sent to a central laboratory for full evaluation. Cloudiness, particles of insulation, products of metal corrosion, or other undesirable suspended materials, as well as any unusual change in color may be detected.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method for visual examination is applicable to electrical insulating liquids that have been used in transformers, oil circuit breakers, or other electrical apparatus as insulating or cooling media, or both.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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