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ASTM D6782-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Standardization and Calibration of In-Line Dry Lumber Moisture Meters

Standard Test Methods for Standardization and Calibration of In-Line Dry Lumber Moisture Meters

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In-line meters provide a rapid means of detecting moisture content of lumber or wood products in processing (that is, on a continuous production line). Two major uses are monitoring the performance of the drying process (air drying, kiln drying), and providing sorting or identification of material at predetermined levels of moisture content. These measurements are inferential in the sense that physical measurements are made and compared against calibration curves to obtain an indirect measure of moisture content. These measurements may be influenced by one or more physical properties such as actual moisture content (average and gradient; see Appendix X5), density, surface moisture, chemical composition, size, and temperature of wood. In addition, the measurements may also be influenced by environmental conditions and the design specifications of the meter. The best performance is obtained by an awareness of the effect of each parameter on the meter output and correction of readings as specified by these test methods.
The two major anticipated users of these test methods are instrument manufacturers whose primary concern is laboratory standardization and calibration, and instrument owners who may have a primary focus on field standardization and calibration. These test methods present the laboratory and the field as separate tracks (see Appendix X2).
4.2.1 Laboratory Standardization and Calibration—This portion of these test methods is intended for guidance of equipment manufacturers. Specific test recommendations are tailored to the capabilities of a laboratory environment.
4.2.2 Field Standardization and Calibration—The predominant use of in-line meters is in production in which lumber characteristics and environmental conditions reflect actual mill processes. Field standardization and calibration is essential to address or encompass much of the variability in production.
4.2.3 Applications using the output of the in-line moisture meter may modify the meter...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods apply to instruments designed to detect, or measure, moisture in wood which has been dried below the fiber saturation point. The purpose of these tests is to provide a unified standard against which such systems can demonstrate their suitability for their intended use (see Appendix X1).
1.2 The standard is configured to support tests by moisture meter manufacturers as well as end-users of such systems, therefore the text follows two tracks (see Appendix X2).
1.3 Test methods specified for manufacturers are generally designed for laboratory settings and are intended to provide a standard against which a manufacturer certifies calibration and general system conformance.
1.4 Test methods for end-users are generally designed for field settings and are intended as a standardized set of procedures for determining the suitability of a specific machine for a particular use.
1.5 Applications such as lumber marking or sorting systems utilizing the output of the in-line meter are not part of this standard.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2005
ICS
79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
Technical Committee
D07 - Wood
Drafting Committee
D07.01 - Fundamental Test Methods and Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6782-04 - Standard Test Methods for Standardization and Calibration of In-Line Dry Lumber Moisture Meters
Effective Date
01-Oct-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D6782-13 - Standard Test Methods for Standardization and Calibration of In-Line Dry Lumber Moisture Meters
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7438-20 - Standard Practice for Field Calibration and Application of Hand-Held Moisture Meters
Effective Date
01-Oct-2005

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ASTM D6782-05 - Standard Test Methods for Standardization and Calibration of In-Line Dry Lumber Moisture MetersASTM D6782-05 - Standard Test Methods for Standardization and Calibration of In-Line Dry Lumber Moisture Meters
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ASTM D6782-05 - Standard Test Methods for Standardization and Calibration of In-Line Dry Lumber Moisture Meters
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6782 − 05
StandardTest Methods for
Standardization and Calibration of In-Line Dry Lumber
1
Moisture Meters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods apply to instruments designed to 2.1 ASTM Standards:
detect, or measure, moisture in wood which has been dried D1990 Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for
belowthefibersaturationpoint.Thepurposeofthesetestsisto Visually-Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests
provide a unified standard against which such systems can of Full-Size Specimens
demonstrate their suitability for their intended use (see Appen- D2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and
dix X1). Wood-Based Materials
D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-
1.2 The standard is configured to support tests by moisture
tural Wood and Wood-Based Products
meter manufacturers as well as end-users of such systems,
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
therefore the text follows two tracks (see Appendix X2).
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
1.3 Test methods specified for manufacturers are generally
D4444 Test Method for Laboratory Standardization and
designed for laboratory settings and are intended to provide a
Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters
standard against which a manufacturer certifies calibration and
D4933 Guide for Moisture Conditioning of Wood and
general system conformance.
Wood-Based Materials
D5536 PracticeforSamplingForestTreesforDetermination
1.4 Test methods for end-users are generally designed for
field settings and are intended as a standardized set of of Clear Wood Properties
proceduresfordeterminingthesuitabilityofaspecificmachine
3. Terminology
for a particular use.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 Applications such as lumber marking or sorting systems
3.1.1 accept/reject meters, n—meters that permit identifica-
utilizing the output of the in-line meter are not part of this
tion or sorting, or both, of pieces into moisture content classes.
standard.
The simplest design has one set point or target level to separate
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
wetter from drier pieces. Often the meters described in 3.1.5
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
may be operated as accept/reject meters.
only.
3.1.2 field, n—an environment usually not meeting the
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
criteria of 3.1.4. This is often a meter installation at the wood
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
processing facility where the meter and the lumber are subject
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to the process environment of mill production.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3 flow, n—a term that describes the movement and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
orientation of the piece with respect to the sensing area.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental
2
Test Methods and Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6782 - 04. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6782-05. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6782 − 05
3.1.3.1 longitudinal-flow—in this flow arrangement, pieces 3.1.9.2 dynamic—the piece moves through the sensing area
pass lengthwise through the sensing area. All or some portion during measurement.
of the length may be sensed.
4. Significance and Use
3.1.3.2 transverse-flow—in this flow arrangement, the
4.1 In-line meters provide a rapid means of detecting
pieces pass crosswise through the sensing area. Transverse
moisture content of lumber or wood products in processing
meters frequently have more than one sensing area, conse-
(that is, on a continuous production line). Two major uses are
quently, the meter may sense more than one area of the piece
monitoring the performance of the drying process (air drying,
even if the entire piece is not sensed.
ki
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice gives a minimum testing procedure of computer generation routines for the standard uniform distribution. Random observations from the standard uniform distribution, RU, range from zero to one with every value between zero and one having an equal chance of occurrence.  
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1.3 Simulation details for the normal, lognormal, 2-parameter Weibull and 3-parameter Weibull probability distributions are presented.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See specific warning statement in 5.5.3.  
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Standard Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Structural Wood and Wood-Based Products

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This practice covers sampling and analysis procedures for the investigation and evaluation of allowable properties of specified populations of stress-graded structural lumber. This practice generally assumes that the population is sufficiently large so that, for sampling purposes, it may be considered infinite. The population shall be clearly defined where it may be necessary to specify the following: (1) grade name and description, (2) geographical area over which sampling will take place, (3) species or species group, (4) time span for sampling (5) lumber size, and (6) moisture content. Two statistical techniques are described under this practice, namely: parametric and nonparametric analysis. The sampling methods include: (1) random sampling, (2) sampling with unequal probabilities, and (3) sequential sampling. Selection and method of determining sample size are detailed. The results of the tests performed shall be presented as (1) a set of summarizing statistics, and (2) an appendix of unadjusted individual test specimen results. The procedures and requirements for analysis of results are detailed and includes the following: (1) adjustment factors used to reduce the test statistics to the level of allowable properties, (2) formula for calculating apparent modulus of elasticity, sample mean, sample standard deviation, and confidence interval for the mean (3) sample nonparametric percent point estimate, (4) nonparametric lower tolerance limit, (5) parametric point estimate, (6) lower parametric tolerance limit, and (7) histogram and empirical cumulative distribution function. This practice does not specify the action to be taken after the results have been analyzed.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Need for Lumber Grading:  
3.1.1 Individual pieces of lumber, as they come from the saw, represent a wide range in quality and appearance with respect to freedom from knots, cross grain, shakes, and other characteristics. Such random pieces likewise represent a wide range in strength, utility, serviceability, and value. One of the obvious requirements for the orderly marketing of lumber is the establishment of grades that permit the procurement of any required quality of lumber in any desired quantity. Maximum economy of material is obtained when the range of quality-determining characteristics in a grade is limited and all pieces are utilized to their full potential. Many of the grades are established on the basis of appearance and physical characteristics of the piece, but without regard for mechanical properties. Other grades, called structural or stress grades, are established on the basis of features that relate to mechanical properties. The latter designate near-minimum strength and near-average stiffness properties on which to base structural design.  
3.1.2 The development of this practice is based on extensive research covering tests of small clear specimens and of full-sized structural members. Detailed studies have included the strength and variability of clear wood, and the effect on strength from various factors such as density, knots (See Terminology D9), and other defects, seasoning, duration of stress, and temperature.  
3.2 How Visual Grading is Accomplished—Visual grading is accomplished from an examination of all four faces and the ends of the piece, in which the location as well as the size and nature of the knots and other features appearing on the surfaces are evaluated over the entire length. Basic principles of structural grading have been established that permit the evaluation of any piece of stress-graded lumber in terms of a strength ratio for each property being evaluated. The strength ratio of stress-graded lumber is the hypothet...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice (1, 2)2 covers the basic principles for establishing related unit stresses and stiffness values for design with visually-graded solid sawn structural lumber. This practice starts with property values from clear wood specimens and includes necessary procedures for the formulation of structural grades of any desired strength ratio.  
1.2 The grading provisions used as illustrations herein are not intended to establish grades for purchase, but rather to show how stress-grading principles are applied. Detailed grading rules for commercial stress grades which serve as purchase specifications are established and published by agencies which formulate and maintain such rules and operate inspection facilities covering the various species.  
1.3 The material covered in this practice appears in the following order:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Significance and Use  
3  
Basic Principles of Strength Ratios  
4  
Estimation and Limitation of Growth Characteristics  
5  
Allowable Properties for Timber Design  
6  
Modification of Allowable Properties for Design Use  
7  
Example of Stress-Grade Development  
8  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trad...

  • Standard
    17 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off