ASTM D7044-04a(2010)

Standard Specification for Biodegradable Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids

ABSTRACT
This specification presents the performance classifications for biodegradable fire-resistant hydraulic fluids that are used in the industrial/mobile and mining industries. Covered here are seven material classes, as follows: HFA are fire resistant hydraulic fluids that may be further classified as HFAE, which are oil-in-water emulsions, and HFAS, which are chemical solutions not containing any emulsions; HFB, which are water-in-oil emulsions; HFC, which are aqueous monomer and polymer polyglycol solutions; HFD, which are phosphate ester or polyolester-based, water-insoluble fire-resistant fluids; HFDR, which are phosphate ester-based fluids; HFDU, which arewater-free fluids based on chemical compounds other than phosphate esters and chlorinated hydrocarbons; and HEPG, which are anhydrous "environmentally friendly" polyalkylene glycol-derived hydraulic fluids that may be water soluble or insoluble.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance classifications for biodegradable fire-resistant hydraulic fluids that are used in the industrial/mobile and mining industries.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2010
• ICS: 75.120 - Hydraulic fluids
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.N0 - Hydraulic Fluids

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7044-04a - Standard Specification for Biodegradable Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Replaced By: ASTM D7044-15 - Standard Specification for Biodegradable Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D7665-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7044 −04a(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
Biodegradable Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope After Standing at Low Temperature of Aircraft Turbine
Lubricants
1.1 This specification covers performance classifications for
D2783 Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure
biodegradable fire-resistant hydraulic fluids that are used in the
Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)
industrial/mobile and mining industries.
D2882 Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteristics of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Petroleum and Non-Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in Con-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
stant Volume Vane Pump (Withdrawn 2003)
standard.
D3427 Test Method forAir Release Properties of Petroleum
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Oils
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
D5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing Load Ca-
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)
D6046 Classification of Hydraulic Fluids for Environmental
2. Referenced Documents
Impact
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
lometric Karl Fischer Titration
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
D6546 Test Methods for and Suggested Limits for Deter-
by Potentiometric Titration
mining Compatibility of Elastomer Seals for Industrial
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
Hydraulic Fluid Applications
ing Oils
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited
Glass Electrode
Mineral Oils
2.2 DIN Standards:
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
DIN 51348 Testing of fire resistant governor fluids; deter-
Indicator Titration
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific mination of hydrolytic stability
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid DIN 51354-2 Testing of Lubricants; FZG Gear Test Rig –
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
Part 1: Method A/8,3/90 for Lubricating Oils
D1401 TestMethodforWaterSeparabilityofPetroleumOils
DIN 51373 Testing of Fire Resistant Heat Transfer Fluids;
and Synthetic Fluids
Determination of Resistance to Oxidation Including an
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
Assessment of the Catalyst Plates
cosity System
DIN 51389-2 Determination of lubricants; mechanical test-
D2532 Test Method for Viscosity and Viscosity Change
ing of hydraulic fluids in the vane-cell-pump; method A
for anhydrous hydraulic fluids
DIN 51777-2 Testing of Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons and
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Solvents; Determination of Water Content according to
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Karl Fischer; Indirect Method
D02.N0.06 on Fire Resistant Fluids.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D7044–04a.
DOI:10.1520/D7044–04AR10.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. (DIN), 10772, Berlin,
the ASTM website. Germany.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7044−04a (2010)
2.3 ISO Standards: ISO 12922 Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products
ISO 2049 Petroleum Products - Determination of Color (classL)–FamilyH(HydraulicSystems)–Specifications
(ASTM Scale) for Categories HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC, HFDR, and
ISO 2160 Petroleum Products - Corrosiveness to Copper – HFDU
Copper Strip Test ISO 12937 Petroleum Products - Determination of Water –
ISO 2592 Determination of Flash and Fire Points – Cleve- Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration Method
land Open Cup Method ISO 14935 Petroleum and Related Products – Determination
ISO 3104 Petroleum Products - Transparent and Opaque of Wick Flame Persistence of Fire Resistant Fluids
Liquids - Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and ISO 15029-1 Petroleum and Related Products – Determina-
Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity tion of Spray Ignition Characteristics of Fire Resistant
ISO 3105 Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers— Fluids – Part 1: Spray Flame Persistence – Hollow-Cone
Specifications and Operating Instructions Nozzle Method
ISO 3448 Industrial Liquid Lubricants - ISO Viscosity ISO 15380 Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products
Classification (Class L)—Family H (Hydraulic Systems)—
ISO 3675 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products - Specifications for Categories HETG, HEPG, HEES, and
Laboratory Determination of Density - Hydrometer HEPR
Method
2.4 Lux Standards:
ISO 3733 Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials –
Lux 3.1.3 Stabilized Flame Heat Release – Spray Test
Determination of Water - Distillation Method
Lux 5.2.3 Determination of the Emulsion Stability of HFB
ISO4263-1 PetroleumandRelatedProducts-Determination
Fluids at Medium Temperature
of the Aging Behavior of Inhibited Oils and Fluids –
Lux 5.2.4 Determination of the Emulsion Stability of
TOST Test – Part 1: Procedure for Mineral Oils
HFB…LT Fluids at Low Temperature
ISO4404-1 PetroleumandRelatedProducts-Determination
Lux 5.3.1 Determination of aging Properties of HFC Fluids
oftheCorrosionResistanceofFire-ResistantFluids–Part
Lux 5.8 Determination of the Shear Stability of Hydraulic
1: Water-Containing Fluids
Fluids
ISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid Power—Fluids—Method for
Lux 5.9.1 Determination of the Corrosion Inhibiting Proper-
Coding the Level of Contamination by Solid Particles ties of HFA, HFC, and HFD Fluids
ISO 5884 Aerospace—Fluid Systems and Components—
2.5 Other Standards:
Methods for System Sampling and Measuring the Solid
CETOP RP 65H Manifold Ignition Test
Particle Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids
CETOP RP 67H Antiwear Vane Pump Test for Hydraulic
ISO 6072 Compatibility between Fluids and Standard Elas-
Fluids
tomeric Materials
IP 281
ISO 6245 Petroleum Products - Determination of Ash
3. Terminology
ISO 6247 Petroleum Products - Determination of Foaming
Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
3.1 Definitions:
ISO 6296 Petroleum Products - Determination of Water –
3.1.1 bioaccumulation, n—the net accumulation of a sub-
Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration Method
stance by an organism as a result of uptake from all environ-
ISO 6618 Petroleum Products and Lubricants - Determina-
mental sources.
tion of Acid or Base Number – Color Indicator Titration
3.1.2 biodegradable, n—any substance containing <10 %
Method
wt. O content which undergoes ≥60 % biodegradation as
ISO 6619 Petroleum Products and Lubricants—
theoretical CO in 28 days and ≥67 % biodegradation as
Neutralization Number—Potentiometric Titration Method
theoretical O uptake in 28 days, or any hydraulic fluid
ISO 6743-4 Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products
containing ≥10 % wt. O content which undergoes ≥60 %
(class L) – Classification – Part 4: Family H (Hydraulic
biodegradation as theoretical CO or as theoretical O uptake
2 2
Systems)
in 28 days.
ISO 7120 Petroleum Products and Lubricants – Petroleum
3.1.3 biodegradation, n—the process of chemical break-
Oils and Other Fluids - Determination of Rust Preventing
down or transformation of a material caused by organisms or
Characteristics in the Presence of Water
their enzymes.
ISO 7745 Hydraulic Fluid Power—Fire-resistant (FR)
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Biodegradation is only one mechanism
Fluids—Guidelines for Use
by which materials are transformed in the environment.
ISO 9120 Petroleum and Related Products - Determination
ofAir Release Properties of SteamTurbine and Other Oils
– Impinger Method
European Commission, Safety and Health Commission for the Mining and
ISO 12185 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products –
Other Extractive Industries, “Requirements and Tests Applicable to Fire-Resistant
Hydraulic Fluids Used for Power Transmission and Control (Hydrostatic and
Determination of Density - Oscillating U-Tube Method
Hydrokinetic),” Seventh Edition, Doc. N4746/10/91 EN, Luxembourg, April 1994.
Available from the Comité Européen des Transmissions Oléohydrauliques et
Pneumatiques (CETOP), Lyoner Straße 18, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
5 8
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. U.K.
D7044−04a (2010)
TABLE 1 Specifications for Categories HFAE and HFAS Fluids According to ISO 12922
Composition Type HFAE: These are oil-in-water emulsions, typically with more than 80 % water content (+5°C to + 50°C,
ISO 7745)
Type HFAS: These are chemical solutions in water, typically more than 80 % water content (+5°C to +50°C,
ISO 7745)
Specification
Characteristic or Test Unit Finished Emulsion Finished Solution Standard or Test Method
A A
Category HFAE Category HFAS
BC
Appearance
Water content, min. % (V/V) 80 80 D95, D6304
D
Foam at: +25°C max. ml/ml 300/10 300/10 D892
+50°C max. ml/ml 300/10 300/10
+25°C max. ml/ml 300/10 300/10
pH at 20°C 6.7 to 11.0 6.7 to 11.0 E70
B
Emulsion stability (50°C/600 h), max. Rating 2A-2R D1401
B
—free oil % (v/V) Trace
B
cream, max.% (v/V) % (v/V) 0.5
EE
Corrosion protection Rating (ISO 4404)
EE
Elastomer compatibility NBR1, EPDM1 and FPM1 D6546
elastomer, 60°C/168 h
relative volume change, max. % 7 7
relative hardness change: min. IRHD –7 –7
max. IRHD +2 +2
EE
change in tensile strength %
EE
elongation at break
A
These products are normally supplied as concentrates, and should be used with the correct water quantity as specified by the supplier (viscosity of concentrate to be
350 mm /s maximum at 20°C).
B
The requirement is not relevant to this fluid type.
C
The appearance of the delivered fluid shall be clear and bright and free of any visible particulate matter, under normal visible light at ambient temperature, using a clear
container of approximately 10 cm diameter.
D 2
For fluids with a viscosity greater than 10 mm /s at 20°C.
E
Report only on request.
3.1.4 fire-resistant fluid, n—any liquid that is able to with- 5. Classification Requirements
stand fire or give protection from fire.
5.1 Type HFA Hydraulic Fluids—The requirements for this
3.1.5 hydraulic fluid, n—a liquid used in hydraulic systems
type of fluid are presented in Table 1.
for lubrication and transmission of power.
5.2 Type HFB Hydraulic Fluids—The requirements for this
type of fluid are presented in Table 2 and include ISO viscosity
4. Classification
grades from 46 to 100, in accordance with Classification
D2422 (ISO 3448).
4.1 The following classifications of fire-resistant hydraulic
fluids, except for HEPG, were taken from ISO 6743-4.
5.3 Type HFC Hydraulic Fluids—The requirements for this
4.1.1 HFA—Fire resistant hydraulic fluids that may be
type of fluid are presented in Table 2 and include ISO viscosity
further classified as:
grades from 22 to 68, in accordance with Classification D2422
4.1.1.1 HFAE—Oil-in-water emulsions containing more
(ISO 3448).
than 80 % by weight water and typically in the range 95 to
5.4 Type HFD Hydraulic Fluids—The requirements for this
99 % by weight water.
type of fluid are presented in Table 2 and include ISO viscosity
4.1.1.2 HFAS—Chemical solutions. Not containing emul-
grades from 15 to 100, in accordance with Classification
sions and typically contains more than 80 % by weight water.
D2422 (ISO 3448).
4.1.2 HFB—Water-in-oil emulsions containing approxi-
5.5 Type HEPG Hydraulic Fluids—The requirements for
mately 60 % by weight oil.
this type of fluid are presented in Table 3 and include ISO
4.1.3 HFC—Aqueous monomer and polymer polyglycol
viscosity grades from 22 to 68, in accordance with Classifica-
solutions. Water content not less than 35 % by weight.
tion D2422 (ISO 3448).
4.1.4 HFD—Phosphate ester or polyolester-based, water-
insoluble fire-resistant fluids.
6. Inspection
4.1.5 HFDR—Phosphate ester-based fluids.
6.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon between
4.1.6 HFDU—Water-free fluids based on chemical com-
the purchaser and the supplier.
pounds other than phosphate esters and chlorinated hydrocar-
bons.
7. Packaging and Package Marking
4.1.7 HEPG—Anhydrous “environmentally friendly” poly-
alkylene glycol-derived hydraulic fluids that may be water 7.1 The fluid shall be suitably packaged to permit accep-
soluble or insoluble. tance by the carrier and to afford adequate protection from
D7044−04a (2010)
TABLE 2 Specifications for Categories HFB, HFC and HFD Fluids According to ISO 12922
Type HFB: These are water-in-oil emulsions (+5°C to +50°C, ISO 7745)
Type HFC: These are water polymer solutions, typically with more than 35 % water content
(−20°C to +50°C, ISO 7745)
Composition
Type HFDR: These are synthetic fluids free of water consisting of phosphate esters
A
(−20°C to +70°C/150°C , ISO 7745)
Type HFDU: These are synthetic fluids free of water but of other compositions than HFDR
A
(−20°C to +70°C/150°C , ISO 7745)
Specifications
Standard or Test
B
Characteristic or Test Unit
Finished Emulsion Cat- Finished Solution Cat- Category HFD
Method
B B
(R-U classes)
egory HFB egory HFC
C
Viscosity grade, ISO VG 46 - 68 - 100 22 - 32 - 46 - 68 15 - 22 - 32 - 46 - 68 - ISO 3448
DE E
Appearance
D
Water content % (m/m) $35 #0,1 D95, D6304
DD
% (V/V) $ 40 (ISO 3733)
D
Foam at: 25°C max. ml/ml 300/10 300/10 D892
D D
50°C max. ml/ml 300/10
DD
100°C max. ml/ml 300/10
D
25°C max. ml/ml 300/10 300/10
FD D
Air release at 25°C min
D
Air release at 50°C max. min 20; 20; 25; 25 8; 10; 12; 15; 25; 30 D3427
D D
pH at 20°C 6,7,11,0 E70
Emulsion stability, 1 000 h a
...