ASTM D7115-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) Internal Angle of Gyration Using Simulated Loading
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) Internal Angle of Gyration Using Simulated Loading
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
SGCs are used to produce hot-mix asphalt (HMA) specimens in the laboratory to assess volumetric properties and predict pavement performance. In the fabrication of an SGC specimen in accordance with Test Method D 6925, loose HMA is placed inside a metal mold, which is then placed into an SGC. A constant consolidation pressure is applied to the sample while the mold gyrates at a nominally constant angle (referred to as the angle of gyration) and rate. Consistency in the density of the asphalt specimens produced as measured by Test Methods D 2726 or D 6752 is very important to the validity of the tests performed. Specimens of a consistent density are produced when an SGC maintains a constant pressure and a known constant angle of gyration during the compaction process.
There are several manufacturers and models of SGC. Each model employs a unique method of setting, inducing, and maintaining the angle of gyration. Each model also employs a unique calibration system to measure the external angle of gyration. These existing calibration systems can not be used universally on all of the different SGC models commercially available. Inconsistencies in asphalt specimens produced on different SGC models have been at least partially attributed to variations in the angle of gyration.
This method describes instruments and processes that can be used to independently measure the internal angle of gyration of any manufacturers’ SGC model under simulated loading conditions. The external shape of the instrument chassis assures that the points of physical contact between the mold end plates and the instrument occur at a fixed and known distance away from the axis of gyration. As a result, the vertical load is applied at these fixed points, creating tilting moments at each end of the mold.
Unless otherwise specified, a tilting moment of 466.5 N-m shall be applied to the SGC by the instrument while making this measurement.
Note 1—The quality of the results produced by this test m...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the measurement of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) internal angle of gyration using an instrument capable of simulating loading conditions similar to those created by a hot mix asphalt specimen.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D7115–08
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC)
1
Internal Angle of Gyration Using Simulated Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7115; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 internal angle—the angle formed between the internal
mold diameter and a mold end plate as a mold is gyrated in an
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the measure-
SGC.
ment of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) internal
3.1.3 top internal angle—the angle formed between the
angle of gyration using an instrument capable of simulating
internal mold diameter and the upper mold end plate as a mold
loading conditions similar to those created by a hot mix asphalt
is gyrated in an SGC.
specimen.
3.1.4 bottom internal angle—the angle formed between the
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
internal mold diameter and the lower mold end plate as a mold
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is gyrated in an SGC.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 effective internal angle—the average of the top inter-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
nal angle and the bottom internal angle.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 tilting moment—a force (F) acting at one end of an
2. Referenced Documents
SGC mold platen in a direction parallel to the axis of gyration,
2
but acting at some distance (e) away from that axis. The tilting
2.1 ASTM Standards:
moment at one end of the mold platen is computed as the
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
product of this distance (e) and force (F).
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
3.1.7 total moment—thesumtotal(M)ofthetiltingmoment
D2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
acting at the top of the mold and the tilting moment acting at
of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
the bottom of the mold.
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements forAgen-
3.1.8 eccentricity—the distance (e) away from the axis of
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
gyration at which a force (F) is acting at one end of an SGC
D6752 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
mold. This use of the term eccentricity is consistent with
of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Automatic
previous published reports describing the mechanics of gyra-
Vacuum Sealing Method
3
tory compaction.
D6925 Test Method for Preparation and Determination of
3.1.9 standard SGC volumetric specimen—a standard sized
the Relative Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Speci-
hot mix asphalt specimen prepared using an SGC for purposes
mens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor
of volumetric mix design. Such a standard specimen, prepared
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
in accordance with Test Method D6925, has a diameter of 150
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
mm and a final compacted height of 115 6 5 mm.
3. Terminology
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Definitions:
4.1 The internal angle of gyration of an SGC is measured
3.1.1 external angle—the angle formed between the exter-
dynamically with an instrument inserted into the SGC mold.
nal mold diameter and a stationary reference axis of the
4.2 A load (moment) is induced on the SGC while the
machine frame.
internal angle is simultaneously measured. The simulated
loading conditions are similar to those created by compaction
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
of a standard SGC volumetric specimen.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.20 on
Mechanical Tests of Bituminous Mixtures.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved
in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7115 – 05. DOI: 10.1520/
D7115-08.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Guler, M., Bahia, H. U., Bosscher, P. J., and Plesha, M. E., “Device for
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Measuring Shear Resistance of Hot Mix Asphalt in Gyratory Compactor,” Trans-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on portation Research Record 1723,TRB, NationalAcademy of Sciences,Washington,
the ASTM website. DC, 2000, pp. 116–124.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D7115–08
4.3 T
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7115–05 Designation: D 7115 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC)
1
Internal Angle of Gyration Using Simulated Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7115; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the measurement of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) internal angle of
gyration using an instrument capable of simulating loading conditions similar to those created by a hot mix asphalt specimen.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D 2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous MaterialsMixtures
D 3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D 6752 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum
Sealing Method
D 6925 Test Method for the Preparation and Determination of the Relative Density of Hot MixAsphalt (HMA) Specimens by
Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Inter-laboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 external angle—the angle formed between the external mold diameter and a stationary reference axis of the machine
frame.
3.1.2 internal angle—the angle formed between the internal mold diameter and a mold end plate as a mold is gyrated in a
Superpave Gyratory Compactor. an SGC.
3.1.3 top internal angle—the angle formed between the internal mold diameter and the upper mold end plate as a mold is
gyrated in a Superpave Gyratory Compactor. an SGC.
3.1.4 bottom internal angle—the angle formed between the internal mold diameter and the lower mold end plate as a mold is
gyrated in a Superpave Gyratory Compactor. an SGC.
3.1.5 effective internal angle—the average of the top internal angle and the bottom internal angle.
3.1.6 tilting moment—a force (F) acting at one end of an SGC mold platen in a direction parallel to the axis of gyration, but
acting at some distance (e) away from that axis. The tilting moment at one end of the mold platen is computed as the product of
this distance (e) and force (F).
3.1.7 total moment—the sum total (M) of the tilting moment acting at the top of the mold and the tilting moment acting at the
bottom of the mold.
3.1.8 eccentricity—the distance (e) away from the axis of gyration at which a force (F) is acting at one end of an SGC mold.
3
This use of the term eccentricity is consistent with previous published reports describing the mechanics of gyratory compaction.
3.1.9 standard SGC volumetric specimen—a standard sized hot mix asphalt specimen prepared using an SGC for purposes of
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD04onRoadandPavingMaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD04.20onMechanical
Tests of Bituminous Mixtures.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published February 2005.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 7115 – 05.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Guler,M.,Bahia,H.U.,Bosscher,P.J.,andPlesha,M.E.,“DeviceforMeasuringShearResistanceofHotMixAsphaltinGyratoryCompactor,” Transportation Research
Record 1723, TRB, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 2000, pp. 116-124.116–124.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D7115–08
volumetric mix design. Such a standard specimen, prepared in accordance with Test Method D 6925, has a diameter o
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