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ASTM D7615/D7615M-11

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

Standard Practice for Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides supplemental instructions for using Test Methods D5766/D5766M or D6484/D6484M to obtain open-hole fatigue data for material specifications, research and development, material design allowables, and quality assurance. The primary property that results is the fatigue life of the test specimen under a specific loading and environmental condition. Replicate tests may be used to obtain a distribution of fatigue life for specific material types, laminate stacking sequences, environments, and loading conditions. Guidance in statistical analysis of fatigue data, such as determination of linearized stress life (S-N) curves, can be found in Practice E739.
This practice can be utilized in the study of fatigue damage in a polymer matrix composite open-hole specimen such as the occurrence of microscopic cracks, fiber fractures, or delaminations. The change in strength associated with fatigue damage may be determined by discontinuing cyclic loading to obtain the static strength using Test Methods D5766/D5766M or D6484/D6484M.
Note 2—This practice may be used as a guide to conduct variable amplitude loading. This information can be useful in the understanding of fatigue behavior of composite structures under spectrum loading conditions, but is not covered in this standard.
Factors that influence open-hole fatigue response and shall therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up, laminate stacking sequence and overall thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation (especially of the hole), specimen conditioning, environment of testing, type of support fixture, specimen alignment and gripping, test frequency, force (stress) ratio, normal stress magnitude, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Properties that result include the following:
Specimen stiffness versus fatigue life curves for selected normal stress values.
Normal stress versus specimen stiffness curves at selected c...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying static open-hole tensile and compressive strength test methods to determine the fatigue behavior of composite materials subjected to cyclic tensile or compressive forces, or both. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D5766/D5766M and D6484/D6484M with provisions for testing specimens under cyclic loading. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, fatigue force(stress) ratio) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.
1.3 This practice is limited to test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either engineering stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude fatigue variable. The repetitive loadings may be tensile, compressive, or reversed, depending upon the test specimen and procedure utilized.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2010
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.05 - Structural Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7615/D7615M-11(2018) - Standard Practice for Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
01-Apr-2018
Referred By
ASTM D6484/D6484M-20 - Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011
Referred By
ASTM D8509/D8509M-23 - Standard Guide for Test Method Selection and Test Specimen Design for Bolted Joint Related Properties
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011

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ASTM D7615/D7615M-11 - Standard Practice for Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite LaminatesASTM D7615/D7615M-11 - Standard Practice for Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
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ASTM D7615/D7615M-11 - Standard Practice for Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7615/D7615M − 11
Standard Practice for
Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite
1
Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7615/D7615M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying static
open-hole tensile and compressive strength test methods to
2. Referenced Documents
determine the fatigue behavior of composite materials sub-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
jected to cyclic tensile or compressive forces, or both. The
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber rein-
D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
forced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is
D5229/D5229MTestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction.
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are
Composite Materials
described in 8.2.
D5766/D5766M Test Method for Open-Hole Tensile
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D5766/
Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
D5766M and D6484/D6484M with provisions for testing
D6484/D6484MTest Method for Open-Hole Compressive
specimens under cyclic loading. Several important test speci-
Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
men parameters (for example, fatigue force(stress) ratio) are
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
require that these parameters be specified and reported.
E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
1.3 This practice is limited to test specimens subjected to someter Systems
constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either engineering Lot or Process
stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
fatigue variable. The repetitive loadings may be tensile, ASTM Test Methods
compressive, or reversed, depending upon the test specimen
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
and procedure utilized. E467Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-
namic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E739PracticeforStatisticalAnalysisofLinearorLinearized
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Stress-Life (S-N) and Strain-Life (ε-N) Fatigue Data
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
E1434Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-
with the standard.
Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
E1823TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTesting
brackets.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
D883definestermsrelatingtoplastics.TerminologyE6defines
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D30 on Composite
2
MaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD30.05onStructuralTest For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Methods. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published February 2011.DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D7615_D7615M-11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7615/D7615M − 11
terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E1823
K = specimen chord stiffness after N fatigue cycles
N
defines terms relating to fatigue. Terminology E456 and
D = specim
...

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ASTM D7615/D7615M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Open-Hole Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying static open-hole tensile and compressive strength test methods to determine the fatigue behavior of composite materials subjected to cyclic tensile or compressive forces, or both. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.  
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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the fastener pull-through resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus fibers. Fastener pull-through resistance is characterized by the force-versus-displacement response exhibited when a mechanical fastener is pulled through a composite plate, with the force applied perpendicular to the plane of the plate. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.  
1.2 Two test procedures and configurations are provided. The first, Procedure A, is suitable for screening and fastener development purposes. The second, Procedure B, is configuration-dependent and is suitable for establishing design values. Both procedures can be used to perform comparative evaluations of candidate fasteners/fastener system designs.  
1.3 The specimens described herein may not be representative of actual joints which may contain one or more free edges adjacent to the fastener, or may contain multiple fasteners that can change the actual boundary conditions.  
1.4 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of CMH-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a fastener pull-through test method.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the open-hole tensile strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
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Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

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5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 QSI testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To simulate the force-displacement relationships of impacts governed by boundary conditions (1-7).5 These are typically relatively large-mass low-velocity hard-body impacts on plates with a relatively small unsupported region. Since the test is run slowly in displacement control, the desired damage state can be obtained in a controlled manner. Associating specific damage events with a force during a drop-weight impact test is often difficult due to the oscillations in the force history. In addition, a specific sequence of damage events may be identified during quasi-static loading while the final damage state is only identifiable after a drop-weight impact test.  
5.2.2 To provide an estimate of the impact energy required to obtain a similar damage state for drop-weight impact testing if all others parameters are held constant.  
5.2.3 To establish quantitatively the effects of stacking sequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular composite laminate to a concentrated indentation force.  
5.2.4 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for composite materials with different constituents. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and through-thickness locations, Fmax , Ea, and Emax, as well as the force versus indenter displacement curve.  
5.2.5 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M.  
5.2.6 To measure the indentation response of the specimen with and without bending us...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Procedures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a test specimen supported over a circular opening and for a rigidly-backed test specimen. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials.
FIG. 1 Quasi-Static Indentation Test  
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions are provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.  
1.2 A flat, square composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated force by slowly pressing a hemispherical indenter into the surface. The damage resistance is quantified in terms of a critical contact force to cause a specific size and type of damage in the specimen.  
1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance testing. The indented plate can be subsequently tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M to measure residual strength properties. Drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M may be used as an alternate method of creating damage from an out-of-plane force and measuring damage resistance properties.  
1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, indenter geometry, force, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound u...

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