ASTM D6264/D6264M-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.
5.2 QSI testing can serve the following purposes:
5.2.1 To simulate the force-displacement relationships of impacts governed by boundary conditions (1-7).5 These are typically relatively large-mass low-velocity hard-body impacts on plates with a relatively small unsupported region. Since the test is run slowly in displacement control, the desired damage state can be obtained in a controlled manner. Associating specific damage events with a force during a drop-weight impact test is often difficult due to the oscillations in the force history. In addition, a specific sequence of damage events may be identified during quasi-static loading while the final damage state is only identifiable after a drop-weight impact test.
5.2.2 To provide an estimate of the impact energy required to obtain a similar damage state for drop-weight impact testing if all others parameters are held constant.
5.2.3 To establish quantitatively the effects of stacking sequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular composite laminate to a concentrated indentation force.
5.2.4 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for composite materials with different constituents. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and through-thickness locations, Fmax , Ea, and Emax, as well as the force versus indenter displacement curve.
5.2.5 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M.
5.2.6 To measure the indentation response of the specimen with and without bending us...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Procedures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a test specimen supported over a circular opening and for a rigidly-backed test specimen. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials.
FIG. 1 Quasi-Static Indentation Test
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions are provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.
1.2 A flat, square composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated force by slowly pressing a hemispherical indenter into the surface. The damage resistance is quantified in terms of a critical contact force to cause a specific size and type of damage in the specimen.
1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance testing. The indented plate can be subsequently tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M to measure residual strength properties. Drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M may be used as an alternate method of creating damage from an out-of-plane force and measuring damage resistance properties.
1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, indenter geometry, force, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound u...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6264/D6264M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced
Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static
1
Indentation Force
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6264/D6264M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
subjected to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Proce-
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
dures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a
from the two systems shall not be combined.
test specimen supported over a circular opening and for a
1.5.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
rigidly-backed test specimen. The composite material forms
brackets.
are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
thicknesses defined in 8.2. This test method may prove useful
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for other types and classes of composite materials.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
are provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 A flat, square composite plate is subjected to an out-of-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
plane, concentrated force by slowly pressing a hemispherical
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
indenter into the surface. The damage resistance is quantified
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
in terms of a critical contact force to cause a specific size and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
type of damage in the specimen.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for
2
damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
subsequent damage tolerance testing. The indented plate can be
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
subsequently tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D7137M to measure residual strength properties. Drop-weight
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M may be used as an
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
alternate method of creating damage from an out-of-plane
Materials
force and measuring damage resistance properties.
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Prop-
1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
method are highly dependent upon several factors, which
Composite Materials
include specimen geometry, layup, indenter geometry, force,
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the
tion
combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.
D7136/D7136M Test Method for Measuring the Damage
Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Com-
posite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on
2
Structural Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6264/D6264M – 17. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.152
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6264/D6264M − 17 D6264/D6264M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced
Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static
1
Indentation Force
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6264/D6264M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected
to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Procedures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a test specimen
supported over a circular opening and for a rigidly-backed test specimen. The composite material forms are limited to
continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2.
This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials.
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions are
provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.
1.2 A flat, square composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated force by slowly pressing a hemispherical indenter
into the surface. The damage resistance is quantified in terms of a critical contact force to cause a specific size and type of damage
in the specimen.
1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for subsequent
damage tolerance testing. The indented plate can be subsequently tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M to
measure residual strength properties. Drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M may be used as an alternate method
of creating damage from an out-of-plane force and measuring damage resistance properties.
1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include
specimen geometry, layup, indenter geometry, force, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other
configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not beare not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.shall not be combined.
1.5.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural Test
Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2017May 1, 2023. Published October 2017May 2023. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
D6264 – 12.D6264/D6264M – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D6264_D6264M-17.10.1520/D6264_D6264M-23.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6264/D6264M − 23
FIG. 1 Quasi-Static Indentation Test
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matr
...
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