ASTM C1090-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Changes in Height of Cylindrical Specimens from Hydraulic-Cement Grout
Standard Test Method for Measuring Changes in Height of Cylindrical Specimens from Hydraulic-Cement Grout
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the changes in height of hydraulic-cement grout by the use of 75 by 150-mm (3 by 6-n.) cylinders, when the cylinders are protected so that the tendency to change in height does not include evaporation so as to cause drying, uptake of moisture, carbonation, or exposure to temperatures outside the range 23 ± 2.0°C (73 ±3°F) or, optionally, to another specified temperature controlled within ± 2.0°C (± 3°F).
1.2 If desired, this test method can be adapted to studies of changes in height involving either schedules or environmental treatment different from the standard procedures prescribed by this test method.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 1090 – 96
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Changes in Height of Cylindrical Specimens from
Hydraulic-Cement Grout
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the changes in 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
height of hydraulic-cement grout by the use of 3 by 6-in. (76 by 3.1.1 change in height—either an increase or decrease in the
152-mm) cylinders, when the cylinders are protected so that vertical dimension of a test specimen, provided the change has
the tendency to change in height does not include evaporation been caused by factors other than externally applied forces,
so as to cause drying, uptake of moisture, carbonation, or changes in ambient temperature not conforming to the speci-
exposure to temperatures outside the range 73.4 6 3°F (23 6 fied range, drying caused by evaporation, carbonation, or
1.7°C) or, optionally, to another specified temperature con- uptake of moisture.
trolled within 6 5°F (6 2.9°C).
4. Significance and Use
1.2 If desired, this test method can be adapted to studies of
4.1 This test method is intended to provide a means of
changes in height involving either schedules or environmental
treatment different from the standard procedures prescribed by assessing the ability of a hydraulic-cement grout to retain a
stable volume during the stipulated testing period of 28 days,
this test method.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded provided that the tendency to change height does not include
the effects of drying caused by evaporation, uptake of moisture,
as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the carbonation, or exposure to temperatures outside the range 73.4
6 3°F (23 6 1.7°C) (Note 1). An exception is made when the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- options described in the section on test conditions are exer-
cised. The test method is primarily intended for use in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. evaluating mixtures of materials intended to be used in
producing“ nonshrink grouts’’ for use either under machine
2. Referenced Documents
bases or column bases, for bolt anchorages, and for similar
2.1 ASTM Standards: applications where the portion of the grout providing either the
C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete bearing support or bolt anchorage, or both, will set and harden
C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement under confinement.
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
NOTE 1—This test method does not measure the change in height
C 511 Specification for Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and
before hardening (see Test Method C 827).
Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
2,3
5. Apparatus
Cements and Concretes
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
5.1 Cylinder Molds shall be steel, of a minimum wall
for Test Methods for Construction Materials 1
thickness of ⁄4 in. (6 mm) fitted with clamp assemblies for
C 827 Test Method for Early Volume Change of Cementi-
closing, and 3 in. (76 mm) 6 1 % in inside diameter by 6 in.
tious Mixtures
(152 mm) 6 2 % in height (Note 2). Each mold shall be fitted
C 939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced- 1
with a removable ⁄4-in. (6-mm) steel base plate that can be
Aggregate Concrete
clamped in place. The cylinder molds shall have had the top
edge machined to a narrow rim as shown in Fig. 1.
NOTE 2—Satisfactory molds can be made from lengths of steel tubing
1 or pipe that is slit on one side parallel to the longitudinal axis and fitted
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on Concrete
and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.68on
Volume Change of Concrete.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1996. Published October 1996. Originally
published as C 1090 – 88. Last previous edition C 1090 – 93.
Humboldt Mfg. Co., 7302 Agatite Ave., Chicago, IL 60656, Catalog number
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
H-2902 Depth Micrometer, H-2904 Tapered Cylinder Mold, H-2931.2 Glass Plate,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
H-2931.3 Weight, and H-2903 Set (including all the above items) have been found
satisfactory.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1090
one surface with a silicone base spray or other inert material
such as mineral oil, and permitted to dry before use.
5.3 Hold-Down Weight, having a mass of 3 lb. (1.4 kg) 6
1%.
5.4 Micrometer Bridge, designed to support and hold one
cylinder in a level, firm position (Fig. 2). The rods shall be
made of steel; the top shall be made of noncorroding metal.
The diameter of the four holes in the bridge top shall not be
more than ⁄64 in. (1.2 mm) larger than the diameter of the
measuring shaft of the micrometer depth gage (Note 3).
Numbering these holes will help in recording repeated mea-
surements.
1 1
NOTE 3—The four holes should be 1 ⁄4 6 ⁄16 in. (32 6 2 mm) from the
center of the hold down device.
5.5 Micrometer Depth Gage, having a range from 1.000 to
2.000 in. (25.40 to 50.80 mm) graduated in units not larger than
0.001 in. (0.02 mm) (Note 4).
NOTE 4—The diameter of the shaft of the depth micrometer should be
1 1
⁄8 6 ⁄64 in. (32 6 0.4 mm).
5.6 Outside Micrometer Caliper, used to measure the thick-
ness of the plate, shall have a capacity of at least ⁄2 in. (12 mm)
and be graduated in units not larger than 0.001 in. (0.02 mm).
The minimum throat depth of the micrometer shall be 2.0 in.
(51 mm).
5.7 Tamping Rod, a straight steel rod with at least the
tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip of the same
diameter as the rod. The rod shall be ⁄8 in. (10 mm) in diameter
and not less than 10 in. (250 mm) long.
FIG. 1 Cylinder Mold with Machined (Tapered) Top Edge
5.8 Mechanical Mixer, as described in Practice C 305. This
mixer has clearances between paddle and bowl that are suitable
with a means of closing the vertical slit as well as a means of attaching a
base plate.
5.2 Glass Plate shall be approximately 4 in. (100 mm)
Borden Chemical Company’s No. 1325 Silicone Spray in aerosol cans has been
square by ⁄4 in. (6 mm) thick, coated as thinly as possible on found satisfactory.
NOTE 1—All Parts of this bridge shall be made of a light-weight noncorroding metal.
13 1 1
NOTE 2—The diameter of the measuring shaft of the depth micrometer should be ⁄64 in. 6 ⁄64 in. The four holes should be 1 in 6 ⁄16 in. from the
center of the cylinder as shown in Fig. 1.
FIG. 2 Dimensions of Micrometer Bridge
C 1090
only for mortars made with fine aggregates that are finer than mixing water, other materials, and of the mixture immediately
the 850-μm (No. 20) sieve. Mortars made with aggregates after mixing is completed. Store the height-change apparatus in
containing particles coarser than the 850-μm (No. 20) sieve air at the desired test storage temperature within 3°F (1.7°C)
may require special clearance or a different type of paddle to before casting the specimen.
permit the mixer to operate freely and avoid damage to the 8.2 Protect the test specimen from loss of moisture, absorp-
paddle and bowl. tion of moisture, or reaction with carbon dioxide for the
duration of the test. Store the specimen in the moist room or in
6. Preparation of Sample
laboratory air described as follows. Under either condition, the
6.1 Take a sample of the freshly mixed grout to be tested specimen shall remain protected at all times during the test for
either in accordance with Practice C 172 or prepared in 28 days except during removal of the glass plate and the taking
sufficient quantity to permit casting at least one test specimen of measurements.
for height-change measurements and such additional tests as 8.2.1 Moist Room Storage—Immediately after taking the
may be required or specified. initial measurements, cover the plunger and bridge apparatus
6.2 If the grout to be tested is blended from individual with a plastic bag previously fitted and cut to a length that
components, mix in accordance with Practice C 305 (Note 5). extends downward to the midpoint of the specimen mold to
If the grout is made using a packaged product, proceed as prevent water from dripping on the bridge, glass plate, or
follows, unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer. specimen. Then carefully place the specimen in a moist room
6.2.1 Use 3000 to 3500 g of dry material as required and the or moist cabinet meeting the requirements of Specification
proportionate amount of water required for the test. Record C511.
8.2.2 Laboratory Air Storage—Prior to casting the test
amounts used.
6.2.2 Place mixing water in mixing bowl. specimen, place the entire apparatus in a prefitted plastic bag
just large enough to be gathered and tied above the plunger and
6.2.3 Add dry material during the first 30-s period while
mixing at slow speed, 140 6 5 r/min. bridge. Roll down or collapse the bag so as not to interfere with
6.2.4 Continue mixing for 3 min, stopping the mixer for not the casting operation. Immediately after taking the initial
over 15 s after 1 min to scrape down into the batch any grout measurement, place a damp, but not dripping, towel around the
that may have collected on the side of the bowl. outside of the lower portion of the four posts supporting the
bridge, inside the plastic bag. The towel shall extend upward,
NOTE 5—If the grout contains fine aggregate, the mixing procedure for
but not to more than half the height of the cylinder. Gather and
mortar is applicable; if it does not, that for paste is applicable.
tie the plastic bag just above the plunger and bridge.
6.3 Cast the sample and lock the glass plate, micrometer
8.2.3 Subsequent Storage—If after 28-days storage, as de-
bridge, top plate, plunger, and weight into position within 4
scribed above, it is desired to observe height change while
min a
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