ASTM D5798-99(2004)

Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to 85 volume % denatured fuel ethanol and 25 to 15 additional volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines. discusses the significance of the properties specified.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Annex A1 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2004
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.A0.02 - Oxygenated Fuels and Components

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5798-99 - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM D5798-06 - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D3120-08(2019) - Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7577-12(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Accelerated Iron Corrosion Rating of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6423-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of pHe of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F2874-20 - Standard Specification for One Time Use Portable Emergency Fuel Containers (PEFC) for Use by Consumers
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D86-23 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D5501-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 % Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D5191-22 - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7563-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Ability of Engine Oil to Emulsify Water and Simulated Ed85 Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F852/F852M-22 - Standard Specification for Portable Gasoline, Kerosene, and Diesel Containers for Consumer Use
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D5797-21 - Standard Specification for Methanol Fuel Blends (M51–M85) for Methanol-Capable Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D8011-19 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7757-22 - Standard Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7794-21 - Standard Practice for Blending Mid-Level Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Vehicles with Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5798 – 99 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Specification for
Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition
Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to
Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
85 volume % denatured fuel ethanol and 25 to 15 additional
D2988 Test Methods for Water-Soluble Halide Ion in
volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with
Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures
automotive spark-ignition engines.Appendix X1 discusses the
D3120 Test Method forTrace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
significance of the properties specified.
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
lometry
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
only.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
Petroleum Products
test method portion, Annex A1 of this specification. This
D4806 SpecificationforDenaturedFuelEthanolforBlend-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
Engine Fuel
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
D4814 SpecificationforAutomotiveSpark-IgnitionEngine
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Fuel
tions prior to use.
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
2. Referenced Documents TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
1 4
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4929 Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chlo-
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
ride Content in Crude Oil
Atmospheric Pressure
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet
Spectroscopy
Evaporation
D5190 Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
ucts (Automatic Method)
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
D5191 Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
(Induction Period Method)
ucts (Mini Method)
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
(Lamp Method)
Light Hydrocarbons, Motor Fuels and Oils by Ultraviolet
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
Fluorescence
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content
and Related Products
of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
D6423 Test Method for Determination of pH of Ethanol,
e
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75–Ed85)
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility of
E203 TestMethodforWaterUsingVolumetricKarlFischer
Subcommittee D02.A0 on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels.
Titration
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2004.PublishedJuly2004.Originallyapproved
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by
in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D5798–99.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5798 – 99 (2004)
TABLE 1 Requirements for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
3. Terminology
A
Properties Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
3.1 Definitions:
Ethanol + higher alcohols, min, 79 74 70
3.1.1 ethanol, n—ethyl alcohol, the chemical compound
volume %
C H OH.
2 5
Hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether, 17–21 17–26 17–30
3.1.2 methanol, n—methylalcohol,thechemicalcompound
volume %
Vapor pressure, kPa 38–59 48–65 66–83
CH OH.
(psi) 5.5–8.5 7.0–9.5 9.5–12.0
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Lead, max, mg/L 2.6 2.6 3.9
3.2.1 aliphatic ether—an oxygen-containing, ashless, or-
Phosphorus, max, mg/L 0.2 0.3 0.4
Sulfur, max, mg/kg 210 260 300
ganic compound in which the oxygen atom is interposed
All Classes
between two carbon atoms (organic groups), has the general
formulaC H Owith nbeing5to8,andinwhichthecarbon
Methanol, volume %, max 0.5
n 2n+2
Higher alcohols (C –C ), max, 2
3 8
atoms are connected in open chains and not closed rings.
volume %
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Aliphaticcompoundscanbestraightor
Acidity, (as acetic acid CH3COOH), 0.005 (40)
branched chains and saturated or unsaturated. The term ali- mass % (mg/L), max
Solvent-washed gum content, 5
phatic ether, as used in this specification, refers only to the
max, mg/100 mL
saturated compounds.
pH 6.5to9.0
e
3.2.2 denaturants—natural gasoline, gasoline components,
Unwashed gum content, max, 20
mg/100 mL
unleaded gasoline, or toxic or noxious materials added to fuel
Total chlorine as chlorides, max, 2
ethanol to make it unsuitable for beverage use but not
mg/kg
unsuitable for automotive use.
Inorganic chloride, max, mg/kg 1
Copper, max, mg/L 0.07
3.2.3 denatured fuel ethanol—fuel ethanol made unfit for
Water, max, mass % 1.0
beverage use by the addition of denaturants.
Appearance This product shall be visibly free of
3.2.4 fuel ethanol—ethanol with impurities common to its suspended or precipitated contaminants
(clear and bright). This shall be
production (including water but excluding denaturants).
determined at ambient temperature or
3.2.5 fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)—blend of ethanol and hy-
21°C (70°F), whichever is higher.
drocarbon of which the ethanol portion is nominally 70 to 85
A
See 4.1.1 for volatility class criteria.
volume % denatured fuel ethanol.
3.2.6 higher alcohols—aliphatic alcohols of general for-
by Test Method D525, and No. 1 maximum copper strip
mula C H OH with N being 3 to 8.
n 2n+1
corrosion by Test Method D130. The hydrocarbons may
3.2.7 hydrocarbon—those components in an ethanol-
containaliphaticethersasblendingcomponentsasarecustom-
hydrocarbon blend containing only hydrogen and carbon.
arily used for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.
3.2.8 pH —a measure of the acid strength of alcohol fuels.
e
4.1.3 The denaturant for the denatured fuel ethanol used in
making fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) shall meet the requirements
4. Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) Performance Requirements
of Specification D4806 (see Section 5).
4.1 Fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) shall conform to the require-
4.1.4 Use of unprotected aluminum in fuel ethanol (Ed75-
ments of Table 1.
Ed85) distribution and dispensing equipment will introduce
NOTE 1—Mostoftherequirementscitedarebasedonthebesttechnical
insoluble aluminum compounds into the fuel, causing plugged
information currently available. Requirements for sulfur, phosphorus, and
vehicle fuel filters. Furthermore, this effect can be exaggerated
lead are based on the use of gasoline defined in Specification D4814 and
even with protected aluminum by elevated fuel conductivity
the understanding that control of these elements will affect catalyst
caused by contact with nitrile rubber dispensing hose. There-
lifetime.TheleadmaximumislimitedforClass1andClass2fuelstothe
fore,unprotectedaluminumandunlinednitrilerubberdispens-
lower limit of the test method.As greater experience is gained from field
ing hose should be avoided in fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) fuel
useofEd75-Ed85vehiclesandfurthervehiclehardwaredevelopmentsfor
the use of ethanol content fuels occurs, it is expected that many of these distribution and dispensing systems.
requirements will change.
5. Sampling
4.1.1 Vapor pressure is varied for seasonal and climatic
5.1 Sample in accordance with Practice D4057, except that
changes by providing three vapor pressure classes for fuel
water displacement (10.3.1.8 of Practice D4057) shall not be
ethanol (Ed75-Ed85). The seasonal and geographical distribu-
used.
tion for three vapor pressure classes is shown inTable 2. Class
5.2 Where practical, fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) should be
1 encompasses geographical areas with 6-h tenth percentile
sampled in glass containers. If samples must be collected in
minimum ambient temperature of greater than 5°C (41°F).
metal containers, do not use soldered containers. This is
Class2encompassesgeographicalareaswith6-htenthpercen-
becausethesolderingfluxresiduesinthecontainersandleadin
tileminimumambienttemperatureofgreaterthan−5°C(23°F)
the solder can contaminate the sample. Plastic containers
but less than+5°C (41°F). Class 3 encompasses geographical
should be avoided.
areas with 6-h tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature
less than or equal to−5°C (23°F).
4.1.2 The hydrocarbons blended with the denatured fuel
AmericanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation,“FuelMethanolCompatibil-
ethanol shall have a maximum boiling point of 225°C (437°F)
ity Standards and Dispensing Equipment List for M85 Fueled Vehicles,” October
byTest Method D86, oxidation stability of 240-min minimum 1994.
D 5798 – 99 (2004)
TABLE 2 Seasonal and Geographical Volatility Specifications for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
NOTE 1—This schedule, subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller, denotes the vapor pressure class of the fuel at the time and place
of bulk delivery to fuel-dispensing facilities for the end user. Shipments should anticipate this schedule.
State Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Alabama 2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2
Alaska
Southern Region 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3
South Mainland 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3 3
Arizona
N of 34° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
S of 34° Latitude 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2
Arkansas 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
A
California
North Coast 2 2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2
South Coast 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3
Southeast 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Interior 2 2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2
Colorado
E of 105° Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
W of 105° Longitude 3 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3
Connecticut 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Delaware 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
District of Columbia 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Florida
N of 29° Latitude 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2
Sof29°Latitude 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1111 1/2 2
Georgia 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3
Hawaii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111 1 1
Idaho 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Illinois
N of 40° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
S of 40° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Indiana 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Iowa 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Kansas 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Kentucky 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Louisiana 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2
Maine 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Maryland 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Massachusetts 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Michigan
Lower Michigan 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Upper Michigan 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Minnesota 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Mississippi 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2
Missouri 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Montana 3 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3
Nebraska 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Nevada
N of 38° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
S of 38° Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
New Hampshire 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
New Jersey 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
New Mexico
N of 34° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
S of 34° Latitude 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3
New York
N of 42° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
S of 42° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
North Carolina 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
North Dakota 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Ohio 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Oklahoma 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Oregon
E of 122° Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
W of 122° Longitude 3 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2 2/3
Pennsylvania
N of 41° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
S of 41° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Rhode Island 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
South Carolina 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2
South Dakota 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Tennessee 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Texas
N of 31° Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
D 5798 – 99 (2004)
TABLE 2 Continued
State Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
S of 31° Latitude 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2
Utah 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Vermont 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Virginia 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Washington
E of 122° Longitude 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
W of 122° Longitude 3 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2 2/3
West Virginia 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Wisconsin 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Wyoming 3 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
A
Details of State Climatological Division by county as indicated:
California,NorthCoast—Alameda,ContraCosta,DelNorte,Humbolt,Lake,Marin,Mendocino,Monterey,Napa,SanBenito,SanFrancisco,SanMateo,SantaClara,
Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma, Trinity
California, Interior—Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Sierra, Siskiyou,Alpine,Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Kern (except that portion lying
eastofLosAngelesCountyAqueduct),Kings,Madera,Mariposa,Merced,Placer,Sacramento,SanJoaquin,Shasta,Stanislaus,Sutter,Tehama,Tulare,Tuolumne,Yolo,
Yuba, Nevada
California, South Coast—Orange, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura, LosAngeles (except that portion north of the San Gabriel Mountain range
and east of the Los Angeles County Aqueduct)
California, Southeast—Imperial, Riverside, San Bernadino, LosAngeles (that portion north of the San Gabriel Mountain range and east of the LosAngeles County
Aqueduct), Mono, Inyo, Kern (that portion lying east of the Los Angeles County Aqueduct)
5.3 A minimum sample size of about 1 L (1 US qt) is 6.1.8 Inorganic Chloride—Test Methods D512 or Test
recommended. Method D2988.An alternate method for inorganic chloride is
found in Annex A1.
6. Test Methods
6.1.9 Lead—Test Method D 5059. With Test Method
6.1 Determine th
...